Regular applications of poultry litter to a sandy arable soil: effects on nitrate leaching and nitrogen balance

Shepherd, Mark

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199809)78:1<19::aid-jsfa81>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…inorganic fertilizer N (at recommended 'optimum' rates) for the duration experiment, used as a control. At ADAS Gleadthorpe, Nottinghamshire (SK593700; Site 4), six rates (three replicates) of broiler litter ranging from 0 (control treatment) to 25 t ha À1 (fresh weight) were applied annually to a typical sandland crop rotation (cereals and sugar beet) from 1992 to 2001 (Shepherd & Bhogal, 1998). Supplementary inorganic fertilizer N was applied at 'optimum' rates from 1999-2001 based on MANNER predictions (no inorganic fertilizer N was applied between 1992 and 1998), again to ensure crop yields were the same on each treatment.…”

Section: Experimental Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic carbon additions: effects on soil bio‐physical and physico‐chemical properties

Bhogal

Nicholson

Chambers

2009

European J Soil Science

124

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The effects of organic carbon (OC) additions from farm manures and crop residues on selected soil biophysical and physico-chemical properties were measured at seven experimental sites, on contrasting soil types, with a history of repeated applications of farm manure or differential rates of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen (N). Repeated (> 7 years annual additions) and relatively large OC inputs (up to 65 t OC ha À1 ) were needed to produce measurable changes in soil properties, particularly physical properties. However, over all the study sites, there was a positive relationship between OC inputs and changes in total soil OC and 'light' fraction OC (LFOC), with LFOC providing a more sensitive indicator of changes in soil organic matter status. Total soil OC increased by an average of 3% for every 10 t ha À1 manure OC applied, whereas LFOC increased by c. 14%. The measured soil OC increases were equivalent to c. 23% of the manure OC applied (up to 65 t OC ha À1 applied over 9 years) and c. 22% of the crop residue OC applied (up to 32 t OC ha À1 over 23 years). The manure OC inputs (but not crop residue OC inputs) increased topsoil porosity and plant available water capacity, and decreased bulk density by 0.6%, 2.5% and 0.5% with every 10 t ha À1 manure OC applied, respectively. Both OC sources increased the size of the microbial biomass (11% increase in biomass C with 10 t OC ha À1 input), but only manure OC increased its activity (16% increase in the soil respiration rate with 10 t OC ha À1 input). Likewise, the potentially mineralizable N pool only increased with manure N inputs (14% increase with 1 t manure total N ha À1 ). However, these soil quality benefits need to be balanced with any potential environmental impacts, such as excessive nutrient accumulation, increased nitrate leaching and phosphorus losses and gaseous emissions to the atmosphere.

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Section: Experimental Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic carbon additions: effects on soil bio‐physical and physico‐chemical properties

Bhogal

Nicholson

Chambers

2009

European J Soil Science

124

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“…7, where an individual year might show a weak or year-specific relationship, but the cumulative amount can show a clear tendency. In a study by Shepherd and Bhogal (1998; Fig. 7a), the first year of the experiment showed only a small amount of leached N, whereas the third year showed a higher amount of leached N compared with the surplus N. Annual differences were also found by Rasse et al (1999; Fig.…”

Section: Consideration Of Timementioning

confidence: 87%

“…Several models have been used to quantify the uncertainty of regional-scale N models, and the application of error-propagation equations (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2006), Monte Carlo simulations (De Vries et al 2003;) and maximum and minimum values (Tonitto et al 2007) have been implemented to obtain different threshold values of uncertainty. Although a quantitative evaluation of uncertainty is required, there Shepherd and Bhogal (1998), (b) Rasse et al (1999) and (c) Liu et al (2003). are mathematical problems with each of these methods, and there are ongoing discussions about how to address these issues.…”

Section: Future Tasks For Regional-scale Nitrogen Flows Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and issues related to regional-scale modeling of nitrogen flows

Kimura

Hatano

Okazaki

2009

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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This paper summarizes the characteristics of regional-scale nitrogen (N) flow models. The regional scale is generally considered to be an area that ranges from more than 10 km 2 to the size of a continent. Parameterization is the key process in creating a regional-scale model. During parameterization, transfer functions that reflect the controlling factors must be created at the target scale because the influence of different factors will change with the size of the scale. Watersheds are the most useful unit for evaluating overall N discharge; however, regional activity data is most often available for municipal units. Thus, municipal units must be reaggregated into watershed units. A longer time period is desirable to normalize seasonal and annual variations at regional scales. Parameters that influence N flow must match the investigated spatial and temporal scales. Given the need to use a range of parameters that vary in terms of the quality of the data, models exhibit inevitable uncertainties. Quantification of the uncertainties and verification of the estimated results are required. Error propagation, the Monte Carlo simulation method and maximum and minimum values have been used to obtain different threshold values of uncertainty. To verify regional-scale N flow models, the following five approaches have been used or proposed: (1) calibration of the model by detailed monitoring at multiple sites, (2) verification of the most important process of the extrapolation mechanisms, (3) verification of the N budget, paying particular attention to water quality, (4) comparison with the results quantified by different models, (5) comparison with aerial or satellite image analysis. As regional-scale modeling of N flow will become more important in the future, it is important to develop models than can accurately estimate N dynamics at this scale.

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Effects of different green manure treatments on soil apparent N and P balance under a 34-year double-rice cropping system

et al. 2018

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Regular applications of poultry litter to a sandy arable soil: effects on nitrate leaching and nitrogen balance

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Organic carbon additions: effects on soil bio‐physical and physico‐chemical properties

Organic carbon additions: effects on soil bio‐physical and physico‐chemical properties

Characteristics and issues related to regional-scale modeling of nitrogen flows

Effects of different green manure treatments on soil apparent N and P balance under a 34-year double-rice cropping system

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