Regular moderate exercise alleviates gastric oxidative damage in rats via the contribution of oxytocin receptors

Abstract

Key points A moderate level of exercise has beneficial effects for the prevention of gastric ulcers. Although regular aerobic exercise was shown to elevate serum oxytocin levels and exogenously administered oxytocin exerts an anti‐ulcer activity, the role of endogenous oxytocin in the gastroprotective effects of exercise has not yet been elucidated. We showed that increased anxiety and oxidative gastric damage induced by gastric ulcers were reversed in pre‐exercised rats, while reduced hypothalamic oxytocin expression and decreased myenteric oxytocin receptor expression due to gastric ulcers were abolished by exercise. We also reported that the blockade of oxytocin receptors exaggerated gastric damage in exercised rats with ulcers. Our data establish that endogenous oxytocin is the key mediator in the beneficial effects of regular physical activity in alleviating gastric injury. Abstract Exercise increases serum oxytocin levels and exogenous oxytocin exerts an anti‐ulcer activity; but the role of oxytocin in the protective effects of exercise against gastric ulcers has not yet been evaluated. This study was designed to investigate the impact of regular swimming exercise on oxidative gastric injury, and the role of oxytocin receptor activity in the anxiolytic and anti‐inflammatory actions of exercise. Adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes performed swimming exercise (30 min/day, 5 days) or stayed sedentary. At the end of the 6‐week exercise/sedentary protocol, rats were injected intraperitoneally with atosiban (0.1 mg/kg/day) or saline for 4 days. On the 5th day, under anaesthesia, acetic acid (ulcer) or saline (sham) was applied onto the gastric serosa and the treatments were continued. On the 9th day, anxiety levels were determined; gastric blood flow was measured, and blood, gastric and brain tissues were obtained. Induction of ulcers in sedentary rats increased anxiety and serum corticosterone levels; but reduced gastric blood flow and resulted in apoptosis and oxidative gastric damage with increased cytokine expressions. However, when ulcers were induced in pre‐exercised rats, behavioural and biochemical alterations due to gastric damage were reversed. The inhibition of oxytocin receptors by atosiban exaggerated pro‐inflammatory cytokine expressions and gastric lipid peroxidation in the stomachs of exercised rats with ulcers. When rats had regularly exercised prior to ulcer induction, reductions in the immunolabelling of hypothalamic oxytocin and myenteric oxytocin receptors were abolished, suggesting that exercise‐induced alleviation of gastric injury may involve the reversal of down‐regulated oxytocinergic activity.

Neuropeptide W facilitates chronic gastric ulcer healing by the regulation of cyclooxygenase and NF-κB signaling pathways

“…Histopathological evaluation was made semi-quantitatively with a maximum score of 12 for gastric tissues (0, none; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe). Histopathological criteria for the evaluation of gastric tissues were desquamation of surface epithelium, hemorrhage, focal necrosis and mucosal congestion, degeneration of glandular cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration (Arabacı Tamer et al 2020 ).…”

“…PUD results from an imbalance between the protective (e.g., mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandins, antioxidant system and cell proliferation) and destructive (e.g., gastric acid, pepsin, Helicobacter pylori , stress, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and alcohol) factors (Laine et al 2008 ; Sverdén et al 2019 ), while impaired gastric blood flow, oxidant damage, apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen metabolites and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β) along with alterations in the expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and prostaglandins (PGI2 and PGE2) aggravate gastric injury (Arabaci Tamer et al 2021 ; Kolgazi et al 2017 ; Tamer et al 2022 ). Experimental gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid, which affects the entire gastric mucosa and submucosa and penetrates the muscularis mucosa, mimics the morphological and clinical findings observed in peptic ulcer patients (Arabacı Tamer et al 2020 ; Okabe and Magase 2005 ), and therefore it is widely used as a chronic gastric ulcer model to investigate putative anti-ulcer alternative medications (Oyetayo et al 2022 ; Wang et al 2022 ).…”

The potential renoprotective effect of Raloxifene in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in a male rat model

“…Vehicle group: Rats received an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture containing corn oil and DMSO (Medchemexpress/USA) 30 minutes before ischemia induction. Subsequently, they underwent 30 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion [21]. The vehicle group was established to mitigate any impact of DMSO and corn oil on the outcomes.…”

“…The intestine was retracted, and the abdomen and both renal pedicles were exposed through a midline laparotomy incision. For the bilateral ischemia model, the renal pedicles were isolated by placing non-trauma microvascular clamps around the renal arteries and veins [21]. After a few minutes, the kidney's color changed from red to dark purple, accompanied by pale stains on the kidney surface, indicating blood flow blockage.…”

Therapeutic uses of oxytocin in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders

“…Lastly, some evidence suggested that exercise also modulates changes in OXT levels and OXT expression. In rats with gastric injury, regular, moderate-intensity exercise upregulates oxytocin activity and alleviates gastric injury [ 154 ]. Similar results were obtained in a mouse model of breast cancer [ 155 ].…”