Regular self-examination or clinical examination for early detection of breast cancer

Kösters, Jan Peter; Gøtzsche, Peter C

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003373

Cited by 258 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is not realistic to assume that, in the short or even medium-run, developing countries can move to providing screening mammography to all the women who should have it. There is substantial evidence that breast self-examination, and even breast clinical examination, are not effective in reducing mortality in populations where most cases are detected in the earliest stages of the disease, [44][45][46][47] There is little evidence in this regard from developing countries, where detection in later stages is much more common. 25,26 Training for primary health care providers including midwives and health promoters, as well as strengthening the education of doctors and nurses on breast health and clinical examination, could support earlier detection.…”

Section: Fm Knaul Et Al / Reproductive Health Matters 2008;16(32):113mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer in Mexico: a pressing priority

Knaul¹,

Nigenda

Lozano

et al. 2008

Reproductive Health Matters

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Section: Fm Knaul Et Al / Reproductive Health Matters 2008;16(32):113mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer in Mexico: a pressing priority

Knaul¹,

Nigenda

Lozano

et al. 2008

Reproductive Health Matters

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“…The pros and cons of each screening method for countries vis a vis its resource status have been debated extensively. Mammography screening programs are expensive (Silvia et al, 2012) and not cost effective for countries like India (Okonkwo et al, 2008); Cancer detected by mammography are trivial cancers, some of which may spontaneously regress (Zahl et al, 2008;Jatoi and Anderson, 2009) Moreover, systematic reviews show that to identify one women with cancer over a period of 10 years by mammographic screening, 2000 women have to be screened for 10 years and 10 healthy women have to undergo unnecessary diagnosis and treatment as breast cancer patients (Kosters and Gotzsche, 2008). The Breast Health Global Initiative advocates breast cancer awareness and breast self examination as a means of early detection in developing countries (Sara et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Breast Cancer in a Low Middle Income Country: Predictors in a Rural Area of Kerala, India

Sreedevi

Quereshi²,

Kurian³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: In India, breast cancer is the leading malignancy among women in a majority of the cancer registries. Therefore it is important to understand screening practices and its predictors, including in rural areas with high female literacy and good health indices. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with multistage sampling was conducted in Vypin Block, Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. Four Panchayats (self administration units) were randomly chosen and a woman in every second household was invited to participate from the tenth ward of each. Thus a total of 809 women were interviewed. Results: The majority of the repondents (82.1%) were not aware of risk factors and about a third (37.9%) were not aware of symptoms of breast cancer. About half of the population studied (46.6%) had undergone screening. Age (35-50 years), being married, health professionals as source of information and working were significant predictors of screening. Logistic regression showed that older women (35-50 yrs) were more likely to practice screening. Out of the never screened, about a third (35%) were desirous of doing it, but had not for various reasons and 53.5% were not willing to screen. The reasons identified for not screening among those desirous of doing it were grouped into knowledge 66 (43.4%), resources 23 (15.1%) and psychosocial 32(21.1%) factors. Unmarried women were significantly more likely to express factors related to all the three domains. Conclusions: This study showed that in spite of the absence of a population-based screening program, about half of the study population had undergone some type of screening. The older women (35-50 years) in particular were significantly more likely to practice screening. At this critical juncture, a high quality breast cancer awareness and screening initiative can help to consolidate the gains and tackle knowledge, resource and psychosocial barriers.

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“…While the benefits of self breast exams and clinical breast exams are controversial 14 , Lurie and colleagues showed that female physicians are more likely to talk with patients about breast cancer prevention, to believe in the effectiveness of mammography, and to feel comfortable performing clinical breast examinations 13 . Males, on the other hand, may have a tendency to defer breast examinations to nurse practitioners or OB/GYN physicians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%