Regular voluntary exercise reduces anxiety-related behaviour and impulsiveness in mice

Binder, Elke; Droste, Susanne K.; Ohl, Frauke; Reul, Johannes M. H. M.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2004.04.017

Cited by 165 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Habitual voluntary long-term exercise is believed to have a beneficial effect on human behavior and sleep [43,44]. Moreover, rodents using a running wheel voluntarily for a long period showed beneficial effects on behavior [45][46][47]. In a preliminary experiment on novelty-induced activity by means of an open-field test, Ex-mice at 25 weeks of age (exercise for 19 weeks) showed significantly higher values during 10-min observational periods than Se-mice of the same age (Ex-mice vs. Se-mice; 361 ± 31 vs. 252 ± 30 counts, n = 8, p \ 0.05), suggesting that Ex-mice are relatively resistant to anxiety [48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term voluntary exercise, representing habitual exercise, lowers visceral fat and alters plasma amino acid levels in mice

Takeshita

Horiuchi

Izumo

et al. 2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives To determine the impact of long-term voluntary exercise, representing habitual exercise for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, on glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in mice. Methods Twenty-four mice aged 6 weeks were divided into three groups. Two groups (16 mice) were housed individually in either cages equipped with a running wheel (8 mice, exercising, Ex-mice) or without (8 mice, sedentary, Se-mice) for 24 weeks. The remaining group (8 mice) was sacrificed at 6 weeks of age. Biomarkers related to glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism were examined.Results Ex-mice ran voluntarily, predominantly in the dark. The distance per day peaked at 4 weeks and then decreased until 12 weeks to around the level seen at the beginning of the experimental period, and was maintained at 4.9 ± 0.2 km/day from 12 to 24 weeks. Ex-mice showed a similar adrenal weight and vitamin C content to Se-mice but had a significantly lower body weight and higher food intake. Ex-mice also showed a higher skeletal muscle weight, a lower white adipose tissue and liver weight, associated with lower plasma leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, and a lower hepatic triglyceride content. Analysis of plasma amino acids showed that Ex-mice had significantly higher phenylalanine, tyrosine, and glutamine levels, resulting in a significantly lower Fischer's ratio. Conclusions We present an animal model of long-term voluntary exercise under low stress. Findings related to the effects of long-term voluntary exercise on lipid, and amino acid metabolism in our mouse model indicate that such an exercise regimen may affect pathophysiological states related to appetite and behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term voluntary exercise, representing habitual exercise, lowers visceral fat and alters plasma amino acid levels in mice

Takeshita

Horiuchi

Izumo

et al. 2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…In humans, exercise is associated with a reduced incidence of stress-related psychopathology (De Moor et al, 2006;Dunn et al, 2001;Herring et al, 2010;Lawlor and Hopker, 2001), and in rodents, voluntary wheel running is associated with reduced anxiety-and depression-like behaviors (Binder et al, 2004;Fox et al, 2008;Greenwood et al, 2005;Greenwood et al, 2003;Salam et al, 2009;Sciolino et al, 2012). For example, we have shown that 2 weeks of home cage wheel running in C57BL/6J mice reduces acoustic startle amplitude, reduces stress-induced hyperthermia, diminishes anxiety-like behavior in the open field, and reduces the anxiogenic effect of the serotonin agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP, Fox et al, 2008;Salam et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-Associated Changes in the Corticosterone Response to Acute Restraint Stress: Evidence for Increased Adrenal Sensitivity and Reduced Corticosterone Response Duration

Hare

Beierle

Toufexis

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Exercise promotes stress resistance and is associated with reduced anxiety and reduced depression in both humans and in animal models. Despite the fact that dysfunction within the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is strongly linked to both anxiety and depressive disorders, the evidence is mixed as to how exercise alters the function of the HPA axis. Here we demonstrate that 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running was anxiolytic in C57BL/6J mice and resulted in a shorter time to peak corticosterone (CORT) and a more rapid decay of CORT following restraint stress. Wheel running was also associated with increased adrenal size and elevated CORT following systemic administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Finally, the HPA-axis response to peripheral or intracerebroventricular administration of dexamethasone did not suggest that wheel running increases HPA-axis negative feedback through GR-mediated mechanisms. Together these findings suggest that exercise may promote stress resilience in part by insuring a more rapid and shortened HPA response to a stressor thus affecting overall exposure to the potentially negative effects of more sustained HPA-axis activation.

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“…Exceeding a threshold is required to find neurogenesis rates significantly different from control animals [16]. In addition, running improves cognitive [17] and spatial learning abilities [13,14], has antidepressant [18] and anxiolytic effects [19,20] and positively stimulates the reward pathways in a way similar to drug abuse [21]. Chronic anxiolytic treatment with antidepressant drugs has been shown to increase neurogenesis [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reward increases running-wheel performance without changing cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or cell death in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice

Klaus

Hauser

Slomianka

et al. 2009

Behavioural Brain Research

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A reward increases running-wheel performance without changing cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or cell death in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice Klaus, F; Hauser, T; Slomianka, L; Amrein, I; Lipp, H P Klaus, F; Hauser, T; Slomianka, L; Amrein, I; Lipp, H P (2009). A reward increases running-wheel performance without changing cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or cell death in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice. A reward increases running-wheel performance without changing cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or cell death in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice Abstract Exercise is one of the best-known stimulators of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but it is not known if voluntary changes in the intensity of exercise are accompanied by changes in neurogenesis. In this study we investigated whether a reward influences the performance in a running wheel and the rate of cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation and cell death in C57BL/6 mice. Mice had free access to a running wheel during the first week of the experiment. In the second week, animals were rewarded for their performance and compared to normal voluntary running and control mice. A reward significantly increased the performance by 78% when compared to the non-rewarded performance of the first week.The performance of the non-rewarded runners remained relatively constant. Fourteen days of exercise significantly increased cell proliferation by 27% and the number of doublecortin immunoreactive cells by 46%. A reward and the associated increase of performance did not modulate proliferation, cell death or the number of cells entering the neuronal lineage. We suggest that, in C57BL/6 mice, either exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis to a ceiling value, which is reached by a performance at or below the level achieved by voluntary wheel running, or that a possible positive effect of increased running-wheel activity is balanced by stress resulting from rewarded running, which is no longer performed on a strictly voluntary basis. We suggest that, in C57BL/6 mice, either exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis to a ceiling value, which is reached by a performance at or below the level achieved by voluntary wheel running, or that a possible positive effect of increased is balanced by stress resulting from rewarded running, which is no longer performed on a strictly voluntary basis.

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Regular voluntary exercise reduces anxiety-related behaviour and impulsiveness in mice

Cited by 165 publications

References 70 publications

Long-term voluntary exercise, representing habitual exercise, lowers visceral fat and alters plasma amino acid levels in mice

Long-term voluntary exercise, representing habitual exercise, lowers visceral fat and alters plasma amino acid levels in mice

Exercise-Associated Changes in the Corticosterone Response to Acute Restraint Stress: Evidence for Increased Adrenal Sensitivity and Reduced Corticosterone Response Duration

A reward increases running-wheel performance without changing cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation or cell death in the dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice

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