(2002) 289-306] for the Navier-Stokes equations, of obtaining estimates in terms of the Reynolds number Re, whose character depends on the fluid response, as opposed to the Grashof number, whose character depends on the forcing. Re is defined as Re = U /ν where U is a bounded spatio-temporally averaged Navier-Stokes velocity field and the characteristic scale of the forcing. It is found that the inverse Kolmogorov length is estimated by λ −1 k ≤ c ( /α) 1/4 Re 5/8 . Moreover, the estimate of Foias, Holm and Titi for the fractal dimension of the global attractor, in terms of Re, comes out to bewhere V α = L/( α) 1/2 3 and V = (L/ ) 3 . It is also shown that there exists a series of time-averaged inverse squared length scales whose members, κ 2 n,0 , are estimated as (n ≥ 1)The upper bound on the first member of the hierarchy κ 2 1,0 coincides with the inverse squared Taylor micro-scale to within log-corrections.