“…Co and Fe are the most efficient choices among all of these transition-metal catalysts. The Co 2+ ion in the PMS system activation has proven to be best because it delivers an excellent degradation performance, which is significantly higher than the classical method of degradation. , However, dissolved homogeneous Co 2+ has an adverse pathogenic effect because it can osmose into the environment as a secondary pollutant. Therefore, in order to conquer the shortcomings of Co 2+ homogeneous systems, several cobaltic oxides, e.g., CoO, Co 3 O 4 , Co 2 O 3 , CoOOH, etc., and cobalt-containing binary oxides, e.g., Co 2 MnO 4 , CoFe 2 O 4 , FeCo 2 O 4 , and Co 2 TiO 2 , have been widely synthesized as heterogeneous catalysts for the activation of PMS. − , Due to their significant advantages like the ease of separation, recyclability of the solid nanocatalyst, comparatively less pollution, and cost-effectiveness, they can be considered as excellent alternatives to the homogeneous Co 2+ system .…”