Neuroethics is central to the Australian Brain Initiative's aim to sustain a thriving and responsible neurotechnology industry. Diverse and inclusive community and stakeholder engagement and a trans-disciplinary approach to neuroethics will be key to the success of the Australian Brain Initiative. Australia has a strong history of neuroscience discovery and neurotechnology translation, which led to the launch of medical device companies including in hearing (Cochlear), vision (Bionic Eye), pain (Saluda Medical), epilepsy management (IBM Research Australia), cognitive assessment (Cogstate), and brain-computer interfaces (EMOTIV). The Australian Brain Alliance (ABA) aims to further catalyze technological and scientific advances to sustain a thriving neurotechnology environment in Australia and engage global collaboration across industry and science. Major investment in an Australian Brain Initiative is needed to coordinate and build capacity in basic neuroscience and provide discovery pipelines that will translate discovery into tangible therapeutic applications. The ABA brings together diverse strengths in Australian brain science across cellular and molecular neuroscience; neurophysiology; clinical, cognitive, and behavioral neuroscience; psychology; computational neuroscience; and neuroengineering to work with industry partners and end-users. The goals are to develop more accurate methods of brain recording and stimulation, wearable devices that capitalize on recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, and new methods for cognitive assessment and behavioral adaptation to better prevent, predict, and treat mental and neurological disorders and maximize learning across the lifespan.