Regulating market entry of low-cost private schools in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a theory of private education regulation

Baum, Donald R.; Cooper, R.; Lusk-Stover, Oni

doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.10.020

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…There needs to be more analysis on what constitutes sensible regulations for private schooling to incentivize registration (Baum et al 2018) as a private school or as a tutoring center. The research shows that there is ease of entry in providing private schooling or tutoring in several South Asian contexts.…”

Section: Discussion: Unresolved Issues When Taking a Systemic Perspecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Private Schooling and Tutoring at Scale in South Asia

Joshi

2019

Global Education Systems

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The chapter reviews trends and reasons for increased private schooling and tutoring in South Asia, and the systemic implications and governance strategies to tackle this proliferation. Focusing primarily on the most recent 5 years of academic and gray evidence, I find that Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka have experienced substantial growth in private tutoring. Private provision has grown due to a lack of adequate public supply. Parental demand for private schooling and increasingly tutoring is based on perceptions of better quality and interest in seeking a competitive advantage. Some systemic implications include concerns of equity and that the "shadow" system of private tutoring can begin to overshadow or supplant regular schooling. Regulatory systems in the region require significant reconsideration, given implementation challenges of existing regulations, and the growth and diversification of the private tutoring system.

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Section: Discussion: Unresolved Issues When Taking a Systemic Perspecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Private Schooling and Tutoring at Scale in South Asia

Joshi

2019

Global Education Systems

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“…In the short-term, the government may do well to focus on quality assurance in regards to the LFPS preschools that are mushrooming around Lusaka, in addition to step-by-step expansion of public provision with quality. That said, research has shown the limited ability of governments to adequately oversee the private school sector and to provide these kinds of support (Baum, Cooper, & Lusk-Stover., 2018;Harma, 2019). At the moment, these low cost private preschools function without any monitoring or support from the MoGE.…”

Section: Low-fee Private Schools the State And Globalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-fee private schools, the state, and globalization: A market analysis within the political sociology of education and development

Edwards

Okitsu

Mwanza

2019

EPAA

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This study investigates the emergence and supply-demand dynamics of a market for low-fee private schools (LFPS) at the level of early childhood care and education (ECCE) in a slum of Lusaka, Zambia. Based on data collection over 1.5 years, the study reveals that, despite a government policy to support ECCE, over 90% of ECCE centers are private; that school operators tend to be former teachers, businessmen/women, and religious leaders; and that LFPSs charge, on average, 2.5 times as much as government ECCE centers for tuition, not including additional indirect costs. The paper discusses how teachers in LFPSs are caught in the middle, making less than the average income earned by others in the surrounding slum, and are unable to afford LFPS fees themselves. Importantly, the paper highlights that lower income quintiles spend a greater percentage of their income on ECCE, and that a majority of families in the study must make tradeoffs between ECCE, food, housing, and other basic expenditures in order to afford private ECCE, which is a necessity given the inadequate supply of government ECCE centers. In addition to addressing school strategies for keeping costs down, this study reports on parental decision-making when it comes to school selection. Finally, beyond a straight market analysis of LFPSs at the ECCE level in Zambia, this article also comments on how this market fits into the dialectical nature of local and global contexts. That is, it draws attention to the workings of the Zambian state and its precarious position in the global capitalist economy.

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“…In connection to such findings, a range of researchers have showed that the emergence of low-cost and low-quality private schools for the poor are likely to reinforce and deepen school segregation (for an overview of these debates, see Macpherson, 2014). Finally, different authors have addressed the shortcomings of the LFPS modality in relation to regulatory practices, and recent accounts have made it clear that the nature, quality and effective application of existing regulations is a key element explaining the specific characteristics of LFPSs in different contexts (Baum, Cooper, & Lusk-Stover, 2018;Härmä, 2019).…”

Section: Researching Low-fee Private Schools: Recent Advances and Blimentioning

confidence: 99%

Educating on a budget: The subsistence model of low-fee private schooling in Peru

Balarín

Fontdevila

Marius³

et al. 2019

EPAA

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Over the last decades, Peru has experienced an extraordinary rise of low-fee private schools (LFPSs). While global debates on the quality of this modality of schooling have been gaining currency, research on the organizational practices of LFPSs remains comparatively underdeveloped. This paper aims at identifying and describing the managerial, business and organizational practices exhibited by Peruvian LFPSs– and at understanding them in relation to the social norms and institutional arrangements specific to the context in which they operate. The study draws on a combination of archival analysis, interviews with decision-makers, and interviews with school owners and principals. The results of our research show that the specificities of the socioeconomic, cultural and regulative environments in which Peruvian LFPSs operate have led to the consolidation of a particular subsistence model of LFPS where profit-making appears to play a limited role. This model is also characterized by the low formalization of management routines, the impossibility to generate economies of scale, and the reliance on interpersonal trust as a means to reduce risk – in a context of low bureaucratization and limited regulatory oversight. We argue that, in view of the distinctly low achievement levels of Peruvian LFPSs, gaining a fine-grained understanding of their organizational practices (and the incentives they respond to) remains a relevant task, and a necessary step to devise effective policy strategies.

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Regulating market entry of low-cost private schools in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a theory of private education regulation

Cited by 29 publications

References 49 publications

Private Schooling and Tutoring at Scale in South Asia

Private Schooling and Tutoring at Scale in South Asia

Low-fee private schools, the state, and globalization: A market analysis within the political sociology of education and development

Educating on a budget: The subsistence model of low-fee private schooling in Peru

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