Regulating Pore Structure of Hierarchical Porous Waste Cork‐Derived Hard Carbon Anode for Enhanced Na Storage Performance

Li, Yuqi; Lu, Yaxiang; Meng, Qinghan; Jensen, Anders C. S.; Zhang, Qiangqiang; Zhang, Qinghua; Tong, Yuxin; Qi, Yuruo; Gu, Lin; Titirici, Maria‐Magdalena; Hu, Yong‐Sheng

doi:10.1002/aenm.201902852

Cited by 313 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…[59] Pore-filling mechanism is also a kind of possible ions storage mechanism. [60][61][62][63][64][65][66] For carbon materials with abundant pores, alkali ions can fill in pores to realize ions storage. Xu and co-workers [60] provided solid evidence to demonstrate pore-filling mechanism by two comparative experiments: hard carbon materials with abundant micropores delivered a low-voltage plateau while filling S into the pores of hard carbon could remove this plateau.…”

Section: Na + /K + Storage Mechanism In Carbon Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Anode Materials: A Detailed Comparison between Na‐ion and K‐ion Batteries

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

203

138

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distribution make it difficult to meet the demand of large-scale energy storage device with low cost and high performance. [1,2] Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), as "post Li-ion batteries," share similar operation principles and battery device to LIBs. [3-8] In recent years, they have drawn great attention due to obvious advantages such as high sodium/potassium abundance, even distribution and low cost, which are ideal candidates for high-performance secondary batteries in large-scale storage systems. With the continuous development of clean energy technology (including wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geotherm energy and water energy) and increasing proportion of clean power generation in the total power generation (the installed capacity of wind energy and solar energy may reach 7059 GW accounting for 49.21% in 2040), smart management of intermittent electricity is increasingly important. [9,10] The generated intermittent electricity needs to be regulated by a smart grid, which can be stored in high-performance SIBs/PIBs during low demand periods and released during peak demand periods, such as electricity supply of slow electric vehicles, residences, manufactories and remote area (Figure 1). [11-13] In some remote mountainous areas, there is no electricity transmission line and therefore SIBs/PIBs energy storage system can provide a continuous electricity supply as a power source. When electricity power is in short supply or out of power, SIBs/PIBs energy storage systems can provide considerable power to keep manufactory running or to power residences. Considering obvious advantages of carbon-based materials, such as abundant sources, low cost and chemical inertness, they show enormous potential as anode materials of SIBs and PIBs. [14-17] Carbon-based materials have different structures (graphite, graphene, hard carbon and soft carbon) and morphologies (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D, here D represents dimension), [15,18-21] which makes it possible to control these factors of carbon-based materials to meet the demand of highly efficient Na + /K + storage. Graphite delivers two different Na + /K + storage behaviors with theoretical capacities of 35 mAh g −1 (Na + intercalation) and 279 mAh g −1 (K + intercalation), and the high theoretical capacity indicates that graphite is a potential candidate for PIBs. [22,23] Due to high specific surface area and abundant defects, graphene materials (except for pristine single-layered As novel "post lithium-ion batteries," sodium-ion batteries/potassium-ion batteries (SIBs/PIBs) are emerging and show bright prospect in large-scale energy storage applications due to abundant Na/K resources. Further benefits of this technology include, its low cost, chemical inertness and safety. Extensive research findings have demonstrated that carbon-based materials are promising candidates for both SIBs and PIBs. Although the two alkali-ion batteries have similar internal components and electrochemical reaction mechanisms, in carbon-based materials the stora...

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Section: Na + /K + Storage Mechanism In Carbon Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Anode Materials: A Detailed Comparison between Na‐ion and K‐ion Batteries

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

203

138

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“…Accordingly, the closed porosity is beneficial for the application of carbons as anodes of Li-ion or Na-ion cells [ 42 ]. Furthermore, such porous systems can respond to small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) [ 43 , 44 , 45 ] and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) [ 43 , 46 , 47 ], in which the probes are X-ray photons and neutrons, respectively. These techniques measure the heterogeneity of the carbon structure with scattering dimensions in the range of 1–200 nm and a resolution of 0.2 nm.…”

Section: Carbonaceous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbons and Their Evaluation in Electric Double Layer Capacitors

Kierzek

Gryglewicz

2020

Molecules

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This review presents a summary of the manufacturing of activated carbons (ACs) as electrode materials for electric double layer capacitors. Commonly used techniques of open and closed porosity determination (gas adsorption, immersion calorimetry, X-ray and neutrons scattering) were briefly described. AC production methods (laboratory and industrial) were detailed presented with the stress on advantages and drawbacks of each ones in the field of electrode materials of supercapacitor. We discussed all general parameters of the activation process and their influence on the production efficiency and the porous structure of ACs. We showed that porosity development of ACs is not the only factor influencing capacity properties. The role of pore size distribution, raw material origin, final carbon structure ordering, particles morphology and purity must be also taken into account. The impact of surface chemistry of AC was considered not only in the context of pseudocapacity but also other important factors, such as inter-particle conductivity, maximal operating voltage window and long-term stability.

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“…[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Both sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), the counterparts of LIBs, have developed rapidly in recent years, and carbon materials have also been actively investigated for use in them. [47][48][49][50][51][52] Similar carbon frameworks have also been designed and constructed for highcapacity alloy anodes. [53][54][55] Although design of the carbon has seen significant progress, there is still plenty of room for optimizing the nanostructures to produce a more energetic, faster charging, safer, and longer life battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%