Regulating the damaged thermostat of the cities—Status, impacts and mitigation challenges

Santamouris, M.

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.01.027

Cited by 200 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…The economic benefits of green infrastructure include increased property values and lower costs compared to comparable gray infrastructure expansion [42][43][44]. Environmental and ecological benefits include improved air quality and reduced urban heat island effects [45][46][47].…”

Section: Green Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Green Experiment: Cities, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Sustainability

et al. 2017

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Green infrastructure is a unique combination of economic, social, and environmental goals and benefits that requires an adaptable framework for planning, implementing, and evaluating. In this study, we propose an experimental framework for policy, implementation, and subsequent evaluation of green stormwater infrastructure within the context of sociotechnical systems and urban experimentation. Sociotechnical systems describe the interaction of complex systems with quantitative and qualitative impacts. Urban experimentation-traditionally referencing climate change programs and their impacts-is a process of evaluating city programs as if in a laboratory setting with hypotheses and evaluated results. We combine these two concepts into a singular framework creating a policy feedback cycle (PFC) for green infrastructure to evaluate municipal green infrastructure plans as an experimental process within the context of a sociotechnical system. After proposing and discussing the PFC, we utilize the tool to research and evaluate the green infrastructure programs of 27 municipalities across the United States. Results indicate that green infrastructure plans should incorporate community involvement and communication, evaluation based on project motivation, and an iterative process for knowledge production. We suggest knowledge brokers as a key resource in connecting the evaluation stage of the feedback cycle to the policy phase. We identify three important needs for green infrastructure experimentation: (i) a fluid definition of green infrastructure in policy; (ii) maintenance and evaluation components of a green infrastructure plan; and (iii) communication of the plan to the community.

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Section: Green Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Green Experiment: Cities, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Sustainability

et al. 2017

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“…A histogram of the timing of the maximum UHI during each three day window (Figure 7) suggests that the most common time for a strong UHI is at night, more specifically in the evening between the hours of 19:00 and 00:00 local time (45.5 percent). The distribution of hours is further evidence, however, of the importance of an hourly evaluation of the UHI to capture the full magnitude of the phenomenon due to the complex dynamics over the diurnal cycle which result in time shifting of the maximum [22] [53] (Figure 8). …”

Section: Diurnal Hourly Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate & Sustainability Implications of Land Use Alterations in an Urbanizing Region: Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina

Doran¹,

Golden²

2016

JEP

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Urban climate is the most immediate manifestation of the warming global climate for the majority of people on earth. Nearly half of those people live in small to medium sized cities, an understudied scale in urban climate research. Widespread characterization would be useful to decision makers in planning and design for land use decisions. Using a multi-method approach, the mesoscale UHI in the study region is characterized and the secular trend over the last sixty years evaluated. Under isolated ideal conditions the findings indicate a UHI of 5.3˚C ± 0.97˚C to be present in the study area, the magnitude of which is growing over time.

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“…It is estimated that the corresponding increase of the peak electricity demand per degree of temperature rise varies from 0.45% to 4.6%, while the energy penalty per person is estimated at close to 21 W per degree of temperature rise [3,18,20]. In parallel, the additional electricity consumption per degree of temperature may vary between 0.5% and 8.5% [20].…”

Section: Direct and Indirect Costs And Consequences Of The "Negative mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mitigative Potential of Urban Environments and Their Microclimates

Schiano-Phan

Weber²,

Santamouris

2015

Buildings

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Cities play a crucial role in climate change: More than 50% of the growing population lives in cities producing most of the global GDP but also 78% of greenhouse gases (GHG) responsible for climate change. Moreover, due to their highly modified land-use and intensive activities, cities are at the forefront of the most rapid environmental and climatic change ever experienced by mankind. Yet, cities' potential to mitigate both climate change and their own environment is underexploited. This paper explores ideas related to the potential of urban environments to modify their microclimates, reflecting on the overlapping potential between mitigative and adaptive actions. These actions in cities can not only tackle some of the largest contributing factors to global climate change but offer short-to medium-term benefits that could drive more immediate socioeconomic and behavioral changes. This review proposes and discusses a new preliminary definition of urban environments as microclimate modifiers-Mitigative urban Environments and Microclimates (MitEM)-and calls for further research into: (a) inter-connecting the full range of mitigative and adaptive initiatives already being undertaken in many cities and maximizing their input systemically; (b) developing a common and holistic definition of MitEM; (c) promoting its uptake at policy level and amongst the key stakeholders, based on its social and public value beyond the environmental.

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Regulating the damaged thermostat of the cities—Status, impacts and mitigation challenges

Cited by 200 publications

References 154 publications

The Green Experiment: Cities, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Sustainability

The Green Experiment: Cities, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Sustainability

Climate & Sustainability Implications of Land Use Alterations in an Urbanizing Region: Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina

The Mitigative Potential of Urban Environments and Their Microclimates

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Regulating the damaged thermostat of the cities—Status, impacts and mitigation challenges

Cited by 200 publications

References 154 publications

The Green Experiment: Cities, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Sustainability

The Green Experiment: Cities, Green Stormwater Infrastructure, and Sustainability

Climate &amp; Sustainability Implications of Land Use Alterations in an Urbanizing Region: Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina

The Mitigative Potential of Urban Environments and Their Microclimates

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Product

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Climate & Sustainability Implications of Land Use Alterations in an Urbanizing Region: Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina