Regulating water services for Nairobi's informal settlements

Abstract

Water services regulation has been introduced to the Kenyan water sector as part of a comprehensive sector reform. The research reported in this paper analyses institutional arrangements and the legal framework for formal waler service provision and regulation in Nairobi as weil as the informal and largely unregulated water markets serving the majority of the population living In the city's many informal settlements. By tracing regulatory developments against a backdrop of steadily increasing population and high poverty levels, the paper examines the role of regulation in facilitating the early delivery of an appropriate level of service to low-income households. By 2006. regulation had only begun to address the significant gaps and ambiguities In the available baseline data and corresponding sector targets, and to include low-income consumers and their current providers into the regulatory framework, while a lack of financial viability prevented the main provider from expanding services into underserved areas. The findings highlight a continued need for institutional strengthening and good regulatory governance to drive pro-poor sector development.

Transboundary impact assessment of Indian dams: a case study of Chenab River Basin in perspective of Indus Water Treaty

“…The World Bank asked both countries to prepare their plans to reach a consensus. Negotiations continued and finally in 1960 the IWT was signed between both the states with the World Bank as a third party for certain purposes (Alam, 2002;Salman, 2008;Zawahri, 2009;Wani & Moorthy, 2013). The importance of the treaty can be studied at various interrelated and manifold scales (Haines, 2014).…”

Application of the Water Needs Index: Can Tho City, Mekong Delta, Vietnam

“…Such bias that is caused by limited information and experience may be one of the causal drivers for the well-known dilemma of provision of adequate services in the central areas of developing cities whilst services remain inadequate in the outer or peri-urban settlements (Bakker, 2010;Gerlach, 2008;Swyngedouw, 2004). At times, these areas of poor distribution can face water prices as much as 10, 20 or 400 times higher than those centrally supplied (Jouravlev, 2004).…”

India, Pakistan and cooperation along the Indus River system

“…For instance, if during the negotiations, the commissioners need to inspect the disputed project, they draw on the PIC's monitoring capacity to carry 30 32 It is important to note that the IWT does identify the type of questions or differences that should be resolved by the neutral expert and / or the court of arbitration. For further information, see Salman (2008). out the inspections.…”

“…The IWT also notes that should the states disagree in the slection of a neutral expert and fail to concur on a third party to make the selection, the World Bank itself can select the expert (Annexure F, Part 2, 4, IWT). 46 For an excellent analysis of this issue see Salman (2008). otherwise decrease the structure's useful life, India argued that a gated spillway 47 is essential. After a statistical analysis of 13,000 existing spillway gates, Lafitte argued for the need to incorporate the latest available technology and standards that were not present at the time of the IWT's negotiation.…”