Regulation Mechanism of Long Noncoding RNAs in Colon Cancer Development and Progression

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its high rates of relapse and metastasis are associated with a poor prognosis. Despite extensive research, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of CRC remain unclear. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a major type of noncoding RNAs that have received increasing attention in the past few years, and studies have shown that they play a role in many biological processes in CRC. Here, we summarize recent studies on lncRNAs associated with CRC and the signaling pathways and mechanisms underlying this association. We show that dysregulated lncRNAs may be new prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for clinical application. This review contributes not only to our understanding of CRC, but also suggests novel signaling pathways associated with lncRNAs that can be targeted to block or eradicate CRC.

Identification of Tumorigenic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Based on microRNA Expression Profiles

“…Noncoding RNAs, especially the microRNAs, have been found to play key roles in CRC development in intestinal tissue [ 16 – 19 ]. In this study, we identified 20 miRNA biomarkers dysregulated in the colon adenomas, among which, the mir-224-5p and mir-203a were upregulated.…”

LncRNA LUCRC Regulates Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth and Tumorigenesis by Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response

“…LncRNAs have been shown to play important regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and development, and the aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been suggested to be involved in human diseases, such as cancer (Latos et al, 2012;Engreitz et al, 2013;Bouckenheimer et al, 2016;Renganathan and Felley-Bosco, 2017). In colorectal cancer, it has been reported that several lncRNAs can directly bind to proteins or act as miRNA sponges to participate in cellular signaling pathways such as b-catenin, p53, JAK/STAT, AKT/mTOR, and NF-kB, among others, thereby affecting cell cycle progression and/or EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition) to control tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion (Kawasaki et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2017;Jiang et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2018;Tang et al, 2019). Many lncRNAs, such as CCAT1 and HOTAIR, are often associated with prognosis in clinical patients, and can be used as potential diagnostic markers for colorectal cancer (He et al, 2014;Svoboda et al, 2014).…”

LINC00511 as a prognostic biomarker for human cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Notably, they were identified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and as therapeutic targets [ 11 – 13 ]. For instance, Tang and colleagues reviewed the implication of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer progression and figured out their potential clinical applications as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets [ 14 ].…”