Regulation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and chlorophenol metabolism in Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100

Karns, Jeffrey S.; Duttagupta, Swadesh; Chakrabarty, Ananda M.

doi:10.1128/aem.46.5.1182-1186.1983

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using B. cepacia as a biocontrol agent because of its ability to antagonize and repress soil-borne plant pathogens (Janisiewicz and Roitman 1988). Other biotypes of B. cepacia have been implicated in human diseases (Thomassen et al 1985), plant disease (Burkholder 1950) and biodegration of pesticides (Karns et al 1983). Various factors responsible for the antagonistic properties of B. cepacia have been suggested (Weller 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrrolnitrin from Burkholderia cepacia: antibiotic activity against fungi and novel activities against streptomycetes

El-Banna

Winkelmann

1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

158

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A bacterial strain identified as Burkholderia cepacia NB‐1 was isolated from water ponds in the botanical garden in Tübingen, Germany, and was found to produce a broad spectrum phenylpyrrole antimicrobial substance active against filamentous fungi, yeasts and Gram‐positive bacteria. In batch culture containing glycerol and L‐glutamic acid, the isolate NB‐1 produced the antibiotic optimally late in the growth phase and accumulated a main portion in their cells. Isolation and purification of the antibiotic from Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia NB‐1 by acetone extraction, gel filtration on Sephadex LH‐20 and preparative HPLC yielded 0·54 mg l−1 of a pure substance. Spectroscopic data (HPLC, MS and NMR) confirmed that the compound was pyrrolnitrin [3‐chloro‐4‐(2′‐nitro‐3′‐chloro‐phenyl) pyrrole]. Pyrrolnitrin has an inhibitory effect on the electron transport system, as demonstrated by isolated mitochondria from Neurospora crassa 74 A. This inhibition was relieved by N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (TMPD), indicating that pyrrolnitrin blocked the electron transfer between the dehydrogenases and the cytochrome components of the respiratory chain. Among Gram‐positive bacteria, pyrrolnitrin was most active against certain Streptomyces species, especially S. antibioticus, which has not previously been described in the literature. In the presence of pyrrolnitrin, aerial mycelium and spore formation of Strep. antibioticus was suppressed, although growth continued via substrate mycelium. The new findings of inhibition of streptomycetes and their secondary metabolism by pyrrolnitrin may contribute to the fact that Pseudomonas species predominate in soil and compete even with antibiotic‐producing Streptomyces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrrolnitrin from Burkholderia cepacia: antibiotic activity against fungi and novel activities against streptomycetes

El-Banna

Winkelmann

1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

158

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“…From this mixed culture, Kilbane et al [170] isolated a pure culture of Pseudomonas cepacia designated strain ACll00 that utilized 2,4,5-T as a sole source of carbon and energy. The bacterium degraded 2,4,5-T via 2,4,5-trichlorophenol with essentially 100% release of chloride [47,170,171]. Resting cells of 2,4,5-T-grown P. cepacia strain AC1100 were also able to degrade several other polychlorinated phenols, including pentachlorophenol [47].…”

Section: Aerobic Degradation Of Chlorophenoxyalkanoic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resting cells of 2,4,5-T-grown P. cepacia strain AC1100 were also able to degrade several other polychlorinated phenols, including pentachlorophenol [47]. Conversion of 2,4,5-T was constitutively expressed, while degradation of chlorophenols was induced by 2,4,5-trichlorophenol [171]. Sangodkar et al [61] showed that 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was subsequently degraded via hydroxylation and dechlorination to 2,5-dichloro-para-hydroquinone and dechlorinated further to 5-chloro-l,2,4-trihydroxybenzene ( Fig.…”

Section: Aerobic Degradation Of Chlorophenoxyalkanoic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

Häggblom

1992

FEMS Microbiology Letters

363

132

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Considerable progress has been made in the last few years in understanding the mechanisms of microbial degradation of halogenated aromatic compounds. Much is already known about the degradation mechanisms under aerobic conditions, and metabolism under anaerobiosis has lately received increasing attention. The removal of the halogen substituent is a key step in degradation of halogenated aromatics. This may occur as an initial step via reductive, hydrolytic or oxygenolytic mechanisms, or after cleavage of the aromatic ring at a later stage of metabolism. In addition to degradation, several biotransformation reactions, such as methylation and polymerization, may take place and produce more toxic or recalcitrant metabolites. Studies with pure bacterial and fungal cultures have given detailed information on the biodegradation pathways of several halogenated aromatic compounds. Several of the key enzymes have been purified or studied in cell extracts, and there is an increasing understanding of the organization and regulation of the genes involved in haloaromatic degradation. This review will focus on the biodegradation and biotransformation pathways that have been established for halogenated phenols, phenoxyalkanoic acids, benzoic acids, benzenes, anilines and structurally related halogenated aromatic pesticides. There is a growing interest in developing microbiological methods for clean‐up of soil and water contaminated with halogenated aromatic compounds.

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“…P C P is quite susceptible to photolysis [4] but is little affected by oxidation, hydrolysis or volatilization [ 5 ] . Biodegradation can be significant [6,7] but not in all circumstances [8]. Sorption is also a variable phenomenon, apparently occurring in acidic soils in proportion to organic content [5,6,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTS OF HARDNESS, ALKALINITY AND pH ON THE TOXICITY OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL TO SELENASTRUM CAPRICORNUTUM (PRINTZ)

Smith¹,

Brockway²,

Stancil³

1987

Environ Toxicol Chem

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The toxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) to Selenastrum capricornutum was examined in three different culture media: a hard and a soft form of Freeman's reference water and the algal assay bottle test (AABT) medium (a soft water). The 96-h growth potentials of the media were equal (28-29 mg/L dry wt.) but 96-h EC5Os ranged sevenfold: 0.11 mg/L (AABT), 0.15 mg/L (Freeman's soft water) and 0.76 mg/L (Freeman's hard water). Culture media equilibrium pH and 96-h EC50 were strongly correlated ( r = 1.00). Evidence is presented that supports the hypothesis that the toxicity of PCP, a weak acid, is due primarily :o the concentration of the undissociated species.

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Regulation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and chlorophenol metabolism in Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100

Cited by 57 publications

References 9 publications

Pyrrolnitrin from Burkholderia cepacia: antibiotic activity against fungi and novel activities against streptomycetes

Pyrrolnitrin from Burkholderia cepacia: antibiotic activity against fungi and novel activities against streptomycetes

Microbial breakdown of halogenated aromatic pesticides and related compounds

EFFECTS OF HARDNESS, ALKALINITY AND pH ON THE TOXICITY OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL TO SELENASTRUM CAPRICORNUTUM (PRINTZ)

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