Regulation of a carotenoid biosynthesis gene promoter during plant development

Corona, V.; Aracri, B.; Kosturkova, Georgina; Bartley, Glenn E.; Pitto, Letizia; Giorgetti, Lucia; Scolnik, Pablo A.; Giuliano, Giovanni

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.09040505.x

Cited by 141 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…ZDS and bLCY) and upstream (IPI, GGPS and PSY) pathway genes were downregulated, but also those related to the biosynthesis of gibberellins as well as chlorophylls (Qin et al 2007). The absence of downstream carotenoids in pds3 mutants could provide the signal as evidence from the analysis of a tomato PDS promoter::GUS fusion demonstrated end product regulation in photosynthetic tissues (Corona et al 1996). OsPSY3 gene expression is upregulated in rice during increased abscisic acid (ABA) formation as well as upon salt treatment and drought, especially in roots indicating that the third PSY allele in rice plays a specialised role in abiotic stress-induced ABA formation (Welsch et al 2008).…”

Section: Carotenoid Signals and Metabolite Feedback Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond

Cazzonelli

2011

Functional Plant Biol.

442

245

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Abstract. Carotenoids are natural isoprenoid pigments that provide leaves, fruits, vegetables and flowers with distinctive yellow, orange and some reddish colours as well as several aromas in plants. Their bright colours serve as attractants for pollination and seed dispersal. Carotenoids comprise a large family of C 40 polyenes and are synthesised by all photosynthetic organisms, aphids, some bacteria and fungi alike. In animals carotenoid derivatives promote health, improve sexual behaviour and are essential for reproduction. As such, carotenoids are commercially important in agriculture, food, health and the cosmetic industries. In plants, carotenoids are essential components required for photosynthesis, photoprotection and the production of carotenoid-derived phytohormones, including ABA and strigolactone. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway has been extensively studied in a range of organisms providing an almost complete pathway for carotenogenesis. A new wave in carotenoid biology has revealed implications for epigenetic and metabolic feedback control of carotenogenesis. Developmental and environmental signals can regulate carotenoid gene expression thereby affecting carotenoid accumulation. This review highlights mechanisms controlling (1) the first committed step in phytoene biosynthesis, (2) flux through the branch to synthesis of a-and b-carotenes and (3) metabolic feedback signalling within and between the carotenoid, MEP and ABA pathways.

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Section: Carotenoid Signals and Metabolite Feedback Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond

Cazzonelli

2011

Functional Plant Biol.

442

245

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“…In fact, early phases of normal chloroplast formation are characterized by upregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis (Corona et al, 1996) to cover the need for de novo photosystem assembly and for protection against photooxidation (which could occur in partially assembled photosystems and/or because of the presence of photoreactive chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates). Furthermore, during these stages, the presence of IM may be crucial because the IM-independent phytoene desaturation pathway (photosynthetic electron transfer chain) may not be fully functional.…”

Section: Molecular and Physiological Basis For The Variegated Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Mutations in the Arabidopsis Gene IMMUTANS Cause a Variegated Phenotype by Inactivating a Chloroplast Terminal Oxidase Associated with Phytoene Desaturation

et al. 1999

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The immutans ( im ) mutant of Arabidopsis shows a variegated phenotype comprising albino and green somatic sectors. We have cloned the IM gene by transposon tagging and show that even stable null alleles give rise to a variegated phenotype. The gene product has amino acid similarity to the mitochondrial alternative oxidase. We show that the IM protein is synthesized as a precursor polypeptide that is imported into chloroplasts and inserted into the thylakoid membrane. The albino sectors of im plants contain reduced levels of carotenoids and increased levels of the carotenoid precursor phytoene. The data presented here are consistent with a role for the IM protein as a cofactor for carotenoid desaturation. The suggested terminal oxidase function of IM appears to be essential to prevent photooxidative damage during early steps of chloroplast formation. We propose a model in which IM function is linked to phytoene desaturation and, possibly, to the respiratory activity of the chloroplast. INTRODUCTIONIn plant cells, plastid differentiation is intimately linked to organogenesis and is affected by both developmental regulatory mechanisms and environmental conditions. The complex mechanisms involved in the phototransformation of the plastids of dark-grown seedlings (etioplasts) to photosynthetically active plastids (chloroplasts) have been described extensively (reviewed in Mullet, 1988;Taylor, 1989;Chory and Susek, 1994). Alternatively, developing grass tissues provide a unique system in which a gradient of developmental stages of cells and plastids (proplastids to chloroplasts) is present (Mullet, 1988;Bilang and Bogorad, 1996; Inada et al., 1996).Mutants visibly impaired in chloroplast differentiation can be selected by their pale green, yellow, or albino color. The chlorophyll-deficient mutant olive of Antirrhinum has this phenotype (Hudson et al., 1993). Not all of these mutants are altered directly in pigment synthesis. Putative functions can be proposed for mutated genes based on the similarity of their coding sequences to known proteins. The Arabidopsis mutant albino3 (Sundberg et al., 1997) is impaired in chloroplast membrane biogenesis, as suggested by amino acid sequence similarity between ALBINO3 and the yeast mitochondrial OXA1 protein involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. The Arabidopsis cla1 mutation (Mandel et al., 1996) identifies an enzyme also present in cyanobacteria. Mutations also have been described that affect the proplastid-tochloroplast transition. The dag mutant from Antirrhinum (Chatterjee et al., 1996) and dcl1 from tomato (Keddie et al., 1996) do not contain chloroplasts but rather plastids resembling nondifferentiated proplastids. These genes together with the PALE CRESS gene from Arabidopsis (Reiter et al., 1994) affect both chloroplast development and leaf architecture.One class of mutations gives rise to variegated plants that have a mutant phenotype in some sectors and a wild-type phenotype in others. The iojap (Han et al., 1992) mutant of maize or the chloroplast mutator in ma...

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“…However, mutations in the gene encoding the phytoene desaturase itself (designated PDS3) [14] have not been reported. Expression analysis of the gene (PDS3) encoding the phytoene desaturase indicated that it is highly regulated by light [18,19] in tomato. Nevertheless, analysis of the immutans mutant showed that the expression of PDS3 gene was not necessarily correlated to the amount of pigments in the cells [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%