Regulation of Adipogenesis and Key Adipogenic Gene Expression by Mangosteen Pericarp Extract and Xanthones in 3t3-L1 Cells

Abstract

Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis and its fat occurrence and development are associated with fat accumulation and adipocyte differentiation. Thus, the suppression of adipocyte differentiation can be a potential anti-obesity approach to this health concern. This study examined the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) and xanthone (α-Mangostin (AM) and γ-Mangostin (GM)) on the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells. Concentrations of MPE and xanthones used were based on the cytotoxic assay on 3T3-L1 cells. Three different MPE concentrations (0, 25, and 50 µg/ml) and three different AM concentrations (0, 25 and 50 µM) and GM (0, 50, and 75 µM) were used in the experiment. The expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS genes were measured using real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of the genes was down-regulated in the group of cells treated with 50 µg/ml of MPE and 50 µM of GM. However, the 25 µM and 50 µM of AM did not suppress PPARγ and SCD-1 expression. The 50 µM of AM also failed to reduce aP2 gene expression. Finally, MPE and GM showed potential anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity effects by suppressing the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ and FAS genes in 3T3-L1 cells.