Regulation of Axon Formation by Clonal Lines of a Neural Tumor

Seeds, Nicholas W.; Gilman, Alfred G.; Amano, Takehiko; Nirenberg, Marshall W.

doi:10.1073/pnas.66.1.160

Cited by 425 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Removal of serum from certain neuroblastoma cells induces a low percentage of these cells to sprout neurites and develop a differentiated morphology (Schubert et al, 1969;Seeds et al, 1970). Certain growth factors also stimulate neurite sprouting (Evangelopoulos et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript inhibits apoptosis and promotes neurite sprouting in neuroblastoma cells following serum starvation by maintaining protein kinase B (AKT) levels

Carpenter

Hsiang

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) is expressed abundantly in latently infected sensory neurons. LAT-deletion-mutant virus strains have reducedreactivation phenotypes in small animal models of infection, demonstrating that LAT plays an important role in the latency-reactivation cycle of HSV-1. Previous studies demonstrated that the anti-apoptosis functions of LAT are important for regulating the latency-reactivation cycle because three different anti-apoptosis genes can substitute for LAT. Although LAT inhibits caspase 3 activation, the signalling pathway by which LAT inhibits caspase 3 activation was not identified. In this study, we analysed mouse neuroblastoma cells (C1300) that express LAT stably (DC-LAT6 cells) following serum starvation. As expected, DC-LAT6 cells were resistant to apoptosis following serum withdrawal. Levels of total and phosphorylated AKT (protein kinase B), a serine/threonine protein kinase that promotes cell survival, were higher in DC-LAT6 cells after serum withdrawal than in C1300 cells or a cell line stably transfected with a LAT promoter mutant (DC-DLAT311). A specific AKT inhibitor reduced the anti-apoptosis functions of LAT and phosphorylated AKT levels. After serum withdrawal, more DC-LAT6 cells sprouted neurites and exhibited a differentiated morphology. NeuN (neuronal nuclei), a neuron-specific nuclear protein, was expressed abundantly in DC-LAT6 cells, but not C1300 cells, after serum withdrawal, further supporting the concept that LAT enhanced neuronal-like morphology. Collectively, these studies suggested that LAT, directly or indirectly, maintained total and phosphorylated AKT levels, which correlated with increased cell survival and mature neuronal-like morphology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript inhibits apoptosis and promotes neurite sprouting in neuroblastoma cells following serum starvation by maintaining protein kinase B (AKT) levels

Carpenter

Hsiang

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…The assembly of microtubules is an essential step in the growth of neuronal processes (1)(2)(3). Although very little is known about its regulation in the developing nervous system, it is believed that microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are involved (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential expression of distinct microtubule-associated proteins during brain development.

Riederer¹,

Matus²

1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

214

169

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The levels of three different microtubuleassociated proteins (MAP1, -2, and -3) in brain were found to undergo large changes during postnatal development. MAPi was barely detectable at birth but thereafter steadily increased, reaching adult levels by postnatal day 20 (P20). Both MAP2 and MAP3 showed differential expression patterns of their component peptides. At birth, MAP2 was represented by the smaller of two Mr 280,000 peptides (MAP2b) and three antigenically related Mr 70,000 peptides. The larger of the M, 280,000 peptides (MAP2a) first appeared between P10 and P20, and the Mr 70,000 components disappeared at the same time. Of the two MAP3 peptides, the larger (MAP3a) was present in the late embryo, several days before MAP3b appeared. Between P10 and P20, both MAP3 components underwent a striking decrease in abundance (a factor of 10), which correlated with their disappearance from all neuronal compartments except neurofrlament-containing axons. These developmental changes in expression are different and characteristic for each of the three MAPs, yet in each case they are detectable in brain homogenates, indicating that they occur concurrently throughout the brain.The assembly of microtubules is an essential step in the growth of neuronal processes (1-3). Although very little is known about its regulation in the developing nervous system, it is believed that microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are involved (4-9). Three MAP species have been shown by immunohistochemistry to be differentially distributed in the brain, differing both in the types of cells in which they occur and in their distribution within the neuronal cytoplasm (10). MAPi is, according to our observations, associated exclusively with neurons in the adult brain and is more abundant in dendrites than in axons (11-13). MAP2 is also neuron specific and is predominantly, and probably exclusively, located in dendrites (12, 14-18). MAP3 occurs in both neurons and glia, but in neurons it is restricted to neurofilament-rich axons (10,19). In a recent immunohistochemical study, we followed the appearance of these proteins in the developing rat cerebellum and found that each exhibits a characteristic developmental pattern (26). MAPi appears in axons before dendrites, but the balance changes during the first 3 postnatal weeks by the gradual accumulation of MAPi in dendrites and by its simultaneous decrease in axons. MAP2 is exclusively associated with dendrites throughout development. MAP3 appears transitorily in nascent axons (from which it is absent in mature tissue) and later appears in glial cell bodies and processes.These changes in cellular distribution indicate that the expression of these proteins is developmentally regulated. In the present study, we have used monoclonal antibodies to trace the appearance of MAPi, -2, and -3 in rat brain from the late embryo to the end of the third postnatal week. We find that each MAP shows a distinct developmental pattern, which includes large changes in the abundance of their components that occ...

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“…Differentiation of NG108-15 cells is indicated by changes such as neurite extension, increased intracellular acetyl choline, increased small or large vesicles and release of acetylcholine (1,3). In addition to these marked morpho logical and biochemical changes, NG108-15 cells may also show other functional changes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It has been established that neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 (NG108-15) cells differentiate when treated with certain reagents such as prostaglandin E,, theophylline, and dibutyryl cAMP (Bt2cAMP) (1,2). Differentiation of NG108-15 cells is indicated by changes such as neurite extension, increased intracellular acetyl choline, increased small or large vesicles and release of acetylcholine (1,3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ca Channel Agonists on 45Ca Uptake Differ Depending on the State of NG108-15 Cells

Ichida

Wada

Matsuda

et al. 1994

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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ABSTRACT-We investigated the effects of various Ca channel agonists (Ca agonist) derived from 1,4-dihy dropyridine on KC1-stimulated 45Ca uptake by differentiated and undifferentiated neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells with and without dibutyryl cAMP. Ca agonists Bay K 8644, YC-170 and CGP 28392 enhanced KCl-stimulated 45Ca uptake in differentiated NG108-15 cells, but only slightly in undifferentiated NG108-15 cells. The rank order of the enhancing effects was roughly Bay K 8644 > YC-170 > CGP 28392. These results suggest that there is some difference between the mechanisms by which these Ca agonists affect KCl-stimulated 45Ca uptake in differentiated and undifferentiated NG108-15 cells, although the nature of that difference is not clear.

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Regulation of Axon Formation by Clonal Lines of a Neural Tumor

Cited by 425 publications

References 11 publications

Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript inhibits apoptosis and promotes neurite sprouting in neuroblastoma cells following serum starvation by maintaining protein kinase B (AKT) levels

Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript inhibits apoptosis and promotes neurite sprouting in neuroblastoma cells following serum starvation by maintaining protein kinase B (AKT) levels

Differential expression of distinct microtubule-associated proteins during brain development.

Effects of Ca Channel Agonists on 45Ca Uptake Differ Depending on the State of NG108-15 Cells

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