Regulation of Chloroplast Development and Function at Adverse Temperatures in Plants

Abstract

The chloroplast is essential for photosynthesis, plant growth and development. As semiautonomous organelles, the biogenesis and development of chloroplasts need to be well-regulated during plant growth and stress responses. Low or high ambient temperatures are adverse environmental stresses that affect crop growth and productivity. As sessile organisms, plants regulate the development and function of chloroplasts in a fluctuating temperature environment to maintain normal photosynthesis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and regulatory factors required for chloroplast biogenesis and development under cold or heat stress conditions, and highlights the importance of chloroplast gene transcription, RNA metabolism, ribosome function and protein homeostasis essential for chloroplast development under adverse temperature conditions.

Loss‐of‐function of PGL10 impairs photosynthesis and tolerance to high‐temperature stress in rice

“…HT significantly influences Chl biosynthesis, chloroplast development, and photosynthetic activity in plants, especially in C3 plants (Li et al 2022a). So, here we are reporting how PGL10 responds in indica rice cv .…”

Sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to salt stress in plants

“…Chloroplasts are specialized plastids found in plants and algae, and their main function is photosynthesis, through which chloroplasts produce energy for plant growth and crop yield. In addition to photosynthesis, chloroplasts also carry out a variety of other important roles, such as the biosynthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides, lipids, vitamins, phytohormones, the manufacture of starch and pigments, as well as the reduction of sulfates and nitrites ( Neuhaus and Emes, 2000 ; van Wijk, 2000 ; Suo et al., 2017 ; Li et al., 2022 ). Thus, any perturbation of chloroplast function will impair plant growth and development, as well as crop yield.…”

Characterization of the preferred cation cofactors of chloroplast protein kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…Over the past four decades, chloroplasts have been reported to sense environmental cues triggering orchestrated responses, which updated their role in plant stress adaptation. The responses triggered in chloroplasts can impact processes such as gene expression and lipid biosynthesis under temperature fluctuations [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], immune responses with the synthesis of phytohormones [ 5 ], and light harvesting by photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) as a result of changes in light quality known as state transitions [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Interestingly, the regulatory mechanism of state transitions involves protein phosphorylation [ 10 , 11 ], which is predominantly mediated by the chloroplast kinases STN7 and STN8 [ 12 , 13 ].…”