Regulation of Coccolith Calcification in Pleurochrysis carterae

Marsh, Mary E.

doi:10.1002/9783527619443.ch12

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…PS-2 also plays a role in the creation of a protococcolith ring of calcite crystals, which acts as the base for the further formation of the coccolith shield, and PS-3 helps shape the coccolith. 31,36,37 In this work, we compare the influence of occluded organic molecules in the biogenic calcite produced by the coccolithophorid P. carterae, with that of the mussel Pinna nobilis and that of chalk. In P. nobilis, mainly proteins are associated with the mineral, 41−43 in comparison with the PSs described in P. carterae.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not known whether the interactions between the polysaccharides and the mineral are the same as for proteins. The polysaccharide, chitin, is well-known for its role in biomineralization, but it serves mainly as a structural component and does not support calcium carbonate nucleation. , In coccolithophorids such as Pleurochrysis carterae , which we use as the model coccoliths in this study, the PSs have been shown to protect the calcite against dissolution, as well as affect the growing mineral. ,,− The coccoliths from P. carterae contain approximately the same proportion of organic material as observed in molluscan calcite . In P. carterae , three PSs, denoted PS-1, PS-2, and PS-3, are essential for various parts of the mineralization process: PS-1 and PS-2 bind calcium and deliver it to the growth site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In P. carterae , three PSs, denoted PS-1, PS-2, and PS-3, are essential for various parts of the mineralization process: PS-1 and PS-2 bind calcium and deliver it to the growth site. PS-2 also plays a role in the creation of a protococcolith ring of calcite crystals, which acts as the base for the further formation of the coccolith shield, and PS-3 helps shape the coccolith. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smaller Calcite Lattice Deformation Caused by Occluded Organic Material in Coccoliths than in Mollusk Shell

Frølich

Sørensen

Hakim

et al. 2015

Crystal Growth & Design

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The growth and nucleation of biominerals are directed and affected by associated biological molecules. In this paper, we investigate the influence of occluded biomolecules on biogenic calcite from the coccolithophorid Pleurochrysis carterae and from chalk, a rock composed predominantly of fossil coccoliths. We compare the results with data on chalk from the extensively studied mussel Pinna nobilis that served as a control. Using high resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction combined with in situ heating, the influence of organic compounds on the structure of the inorganic phase was probed. Two heating cycles allow us to differentiate the effects of thermal agitation and organic molecules. Single peak analysis and Rietveld refinement were combined to show significant differences resulting from the occluded biomolecules on the mineral phase in biogenic calcite in the mollusk shell and the coccolithophorids. These differences were reflected in lattice deformation (macrostrain), structure (microstrain), and atomic disorder distributions (δorganic). The influence of the biological macromolecules on the inorganic phase was consistently smaller in the P. carterae compared to P. nobilis. This suggests that the interaction between biomolecules and calcite is not as tight in the coccoliths as in the shell. Although the shape of chalk has been preserved over millions of years, no major influence on the crystal lattice was observed in the chalk samples.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Smaller Calcite Lattice Deformation Caused by Occluded Organic Material in Coccoliths than in Mollusk Shell

Frølich

Sørensen

Hakim

et al. 2015

Crystal Growth & Design

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show abstract

“…A comprehensive coverage of all such studies and of biomineral structures would be impractical in this chapter. Instead, an example of functional biomineralization will be given by presenting structures of coccolithophores and their inorganic coccosphere and coccoliths, some of the remarkable and omnipresent types of marine phytoplankton assemblies in Nature (March, 2007). These are characterized by intriguing structures that can offer an answer to the question of how organisms govern the formation of complex bioinorganic structures, and how these structures are adapted to the functions of these organisms.…”

Section: Bioinorganic Structures -Learning From Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

A Biomimetic Nano-Scale Aggregation Route for the Formation of Submicron-Size Colloidal Calcite Particles

Sondi¹,

Škapin²

2010

Biomimetics Learning From Nature

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Genome Variations Associated with Viral Susceptibility and Calcification in Emiliania huxleyi

et al. 2013

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Emiliania huxleyi, a key player in the global carbon cycle is one of the best studied coccolithophores with respect to biogeochemical cycles, climatology, and host-virus interactions. Strains of E. huxleyi show phenotypic plasticity regarding growth behaviour, light-response, calcification, acidification, and virus susceptibility. This phenomenon is likely a consequence of genomic differences, or transcriptomic responses, to environmental conditions or threats such as viral infections. We used an E. huxleyi genome microarray based on the sequenced strain CCMP1516 (reference strain) to perform comparative genomic hybridizations (CGH) of 16 E. huxleyi strains of different geographic origin. We investigated the genomic diversity and plasticity and focused on the identification of genes related to virus susceptibility and coccolith production (calcification). Among the tested 31940 gene models a core genome of 14628 genes was identified by hybridization among 16 E. huxleyi strains. 224 probes were characterized as specific for the reference strain CCMP1516. Compared to the sequenced E. huxleyi strain CCMP1516 variation in gene content of up to 30 percent among strains was observed. Comparison of core and non-core transcripts sets in terms of annotated functions reveals a broad, almost equal functional coverage over all KOG-categories of both transcript sets within the whole annotated genome. Within the variable (non-core) genome we identified genes associated with virus susceptibility and calcification. Genes associated with virus susceptibility include a Bax inhibitor-1 protein, three LRR receptor-like protein kinases, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Our list of transcripts associated with coccolith production will stimulate further research, e.g. by genetic manipulation. In particular, the V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit is proposed to be a plausible target gene for further calcification studies.

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Regulation of Coccolith Calcification in Pleurochrysis carterae

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Smaller Calcite Lattice Deformation Caused by Occluded Organic Material in Coccoliths than in Mollusk Shell

Smaller Calcite Lattice Deformation Caused by Occluded Organic Material in Coccoliths than in Mollusk Shell

A Biomimetic Nano-Scale Aggregation Route for the Formation of Submicron-Size Colloidal Calcite Particles

Genome Variations Associated with Viral Susceptibility and Calcification in Emiliania huxleyi

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