Regulation of Cytochrome c Oxidase by Natural Compounds Resveratrol, (–)-Epicatechin, and Betaine

Lee, Icksoo

doi:10.3390/cells10061346

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 207 publications

(214 reference statements)

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“…In particular, physiological concentrations of betaine have been reported to defend citrate synthase, one of the rate limiting enzymes in the Krebs cycle, against thermo and urea denaturation [ 40 ]. Betaine has also been shown to upregulate cytochrome c oxidase activity [ 41 ], the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and promote mitochondrial biogenesis [ 41–43 ]. We therefore propose that by enhancing mitochondrial respiration, betaine supplementation may have increased lactate oxidation, leading to the lower plasma concentrations observed despite significantly greater anaerobic work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes

Arazi

Aboutalebi

Taati

et al. 2022

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Objective This study examined the effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, plasma lactate, testosterone and cortisol levels, and the testosterone to cortisol (T/C) ratio in response to acute resistance exercise (RE). Method Using a double-blind, crossover study design, 10 handball players (age ± SD = 16 ± 1 yrs) without prior-structured RE experience performed a high-intensity RE session (leg press followed by bench press; 5 sets to volitional fatigue using 80% baseline 1 repetition maximum (1RM)), before and after 14 days of either placebo (maltodextrin) or betaine (2.5 g·d −1 ) supplementation. A 30-day washout period separated each treatment. 48 h prior to testing sessions, participants recorded their food intake and did not perform strenuous exercise. Venous blood was sampled before supplementation, and before and after each RE session. Results After betaine supplementation, participants performed more repetitions ( p < 0.001) during the leg press (Betaine: 35.8 ± 4.3; Placebo: 24.8 ± 3.6, Cohen’s d = 2.77) and bench press (Betaine: 36.3 ± 2.6; Placebo: 26.1 ± 3.5, Cohen’s d = 3.34). Betaine resulted in lower post-exercise cortisol (Betaine: 7.6 ± 1.7; Placebo: 13 ± 3.4 µg.dL −1 , p = 0.003, generalized eta squared ( ) = 0.49) and lactate (Betaine: 5.2 ± 0.3; Placebo: 6 ± 0.3 mmol.L −1 , p < 0.001, = 0.96) and higher total testosterone (Betaine: 15.2 ± 2.2; Placebo: 8.7 ± 1.7 ng.mL −1 , p < 0.001, = 0.87) and T/C ratio (Betaine: 0.21 ± 0.05; Placebo: 0.07 ± 0.02, p < 0.001, = 0.82). Conclusions Two weeks of betaine supplementation improved upper- and lower-body muscle endurance and influenced indices of endocrine function following an acute session of high-intensity RE in adolescent handball players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes

Arazi

Aboutalebi

Taati

et al. 2022

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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“…Our observations of EPICAT’s impact on COXIV in aortae parallels those of mitochondrial respiration. EPICAT is known to stimulate COXIV [ 41 ]. Our data align with this observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(–)-Epicatechin Improves Vasoreactivity and Mitochondrial Respiration in Thermoneutral-Housed Wistar Rat Vasculature

Chun¹,

Henckel

Knaub

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health concern. Vascular dysfunction is an aspect of CVD, and novel treatments targeting vascular physiology are necessary. In the endothelium, eNOS regulates vasodilation and mitochondrial function; both are disrupted in CVD. (–)-Epicatechin, a botanical compound known for its vasodilatory, eNOS, and mitochondrial-stimulating properties, is a potential therapy in those with CVD. We hypothesized that (–)-epicatechin would support eNOS activity and mitochondrial respiration, leading to improved vasoreactivity in a thermoneutral-derived rat model of vascular dysfunction. We housed Wistar rats at room temperature or in thermoneutral conditions for a total of 16 week and treated them with 1mg/kg body weight (–)-epicatechin for 15 day. Vasoreactivity, eNOS activity, and mitochondrial respiration were measured, in addition to the protein expression of upstream cellular signaling molecules including AMPK and CaMKII. We observed a significant improvement of vasodilation in those housed in thermoneutrality and treated with (–)-epicatechin (p < 0.05), as well as dampened mitochondrial respiration (p < 0.05). AMPK and CaMKIIα and β expression were lessened with (–)-epicatechin treatment in those housed at thermoneutrality (p < 0.05). The opposite was observed with animals housed at room temperature supplemented with (–)-epicatechin. These data illustrate a context-dependent vascular response to (–)-epicatechin, a candidate for CVD therapeutic development.

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“…The basic function of the respiratory chain in organisms is generating the proton motive force, which is required in producing ATP . Besides generating ATP, the electron channeled by the cytochrome bc1 complex and different cytochrome c proteins to various terminal oxidases may result in a diversified effect, including degrading H 2 O 2 , inducing apoptosis, and some unknown influence. − …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome bc1 Complex: Potential Breach to Improve the Activity of Phenazines on Xanthomonas

Teng

Mao

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The effects of the natural pesticides, phenazines, were reported to be limited by some tolerant metabolism processes within Xanthomonas. Our previous studies suggested that the functional cytochrome bc1 complex, the indispensable component of the respiration chain, might participate in tolerating phenazines in Xanthomonas. In this study, the cytochrome bc1 mutants of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which exhibit different tolerance abilities to phenazines, were constructed, and the cytochrome bc1 complex was proven to partake a critical and conserved role in tolerating phenazines in Xanthomonas. In addition, results of the cytochrome c mutants suggested the different functions of the various cytochrome c proteins in Xanthomonas and that the electron channeled by the cytochrome bc1 complex to cytochrome C4 is the key to reveal the tolerance mechanism. In conclusion, the study of the cytochrome bc1 complex provides a potential strategy to improve the activity of phenazines against Xanthomonas.

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Regulation of Cytochrome c Oxidase by Natural Compounds Resveratrol, (–)-Epicatechin, and Betaine

Cited by 14 publications

References 207 publications

Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes

Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes

(–)-Epicatechin Improves Vasoreactivity and Mitochondrial Respiration in Thermoneutral-Housed Wistar Rat Vasculature

Cytochrome bc1 Complex: Potential Breach to Improve the Activity of Phenazines on Xanthomonas

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