Regulation of Diabetes: a Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease?

Ahn, Kee-Chan; Learman, Cameron; Baker, Glen B.; Weaver, Charles L.; Chung, Phil‐Sang; Kim, Hyung Gun; Song, Mee Sook

doi:10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e297

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…This decrement might be another reason for the gradual reduction of dementia incidence from 2011 in Seoul, although dementia patients with depression increased beginning in 2014. In addition, as educating the importance of managing vascular risk factors to patients with mild cognitive impairment plays another role of DSCs, regulation of blood pressure, blood pressure variability, diabetes, glycemic variability, and dyslipidemia might have contributed to the incidence of dementia [30][31][32]. We additionally compared the characteristic of incident dementia patients before and after 2008, the year most DSCs were introduced and performed dementia screening programs (Table S3, Supplementary Material).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Incidence of Dementia from 2003 to 2018 in Metropolitan Seoul, Korea: A Population-Based Study

Kwon

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2022

JCM

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National dementia plans were applied in dementia support centers established in Seoul, Korea between 2007 and 2009. However, the annual incidence rates of dementia in Seoul have not been reported. We investigated this annual incidence and the characteristics of incident cases from 2003 to 2018. The customized research database of the Korean National Health Insurance Services was used. The annual crude and age-standardized incidence of dementia patients and their characteristics were analyzed. This study analyzed 108,596 incident dementia cases aged ≥60 years. The incidence rate increased from 2003 to 2011, including a rapid increment from 2007 to 2011. From 2011 to 2018, the crude (age-standardized) incidence per 105 person-years decreased from 641.51 (577.12) to 448.26 (361.23). The proportion of incident dementia cases was highest in the highest income group every year. However, the proportion of incident dementia cases in the lowest income group increased from 10.4% in 2003 to 25.8% in 2011. The annual incidence rate of dementia showed a sharp increase immediately after 2007, the year dementia support centers began to be introduced, and then stabilized after 2011. The characteristics of incident dementia cases have changed, including the proportion in the low-income group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Incidence of Dementia from 2003 to 2018 in Metropolitan Seoul, Korea: A Population-Based Study

Kwon

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…For both diseases, one of the most prominent characteristics is that of oxidative stress involving Nrf2, neuroinflammation, pericyte loss, and similar alterations in BBB functions [ 115 ]. These connections suggest that, not only may both diseases be treatable by similar drugs [ 116 ], but they may explain why metabolic drugs commonly used to treat diabetes hold potential for the treatment of AD as well. Regardless of how oxidative stress may be involved in these diseases, targeting oxidative stress or insulin resistance can clearly improve the structure and function of the BBB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blood–Brain Barrier, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Resistance

Banks

Rhea

2021

Antioxidants

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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a network of specialized endothelial cells that regulates substrate entry into the central nervous system (CNS). Acting as the interface between the periphery and the CNS, the BBB must be equipped to defend against oxidative stress and other free radicals generated in the periphery to protect the CNS. There are unique features of brain endothelial cells that increase the susceptibility of these cells to oxidative stress. Insulin signaling can be impacted by varying levels of oxidative stress, with low levels of oxidative stress being necessary for signaling and higher levels being detrimental. Insulin must cross the BBB in order to access the CNS, levels of which are important in peripheral metabolism as well as cognition. Any alterations in BBB transport due to oxidative stress at the BBB could have downstream disease implications. In this review, we cover the interactions of oxidative stress at the BBB, how insulin signaling is related to oxidative stress, and the impact of the BBB in two diseases greatly affected by oxidative stress and insulin resistance: diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease.

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“…Anti-AD drugs, especially piracetam could significantly reduce some diabetic parameters, such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, and serum insulin concentration in patients with diabetic AD ( 34 ). Similarly, epidemiological studies showed that some antidiabetic drugs such as metformin, applied in diabetic patients could reduce the risk of developing AD and all-cause dementia ( 4 , 35 ). However, the protective effect of metformin on AD is controversial.…”

Section: Correlation Between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional intervention for diabetes mellitus with Alzheimer's disease

Xiao

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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The combined disease burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing, and the two diseases share some common pathological changes. However, the pharmacotherapeutic approach to this clinical complexity is limited to symptomatic rather than disease-arresting, with the possible exception of metformin. Whether nutritional intervention might extend or synergize with these effects of metformin is of interest. In particular, dietary patterns with an emphasis on dietary diversity shown to affect cognitive function are of growing interest in a range of food cultural settings. This paper presents the association between diabetes and AD. In addition, the cross-cultural nutritional intervention programs with the potential to mitigate both insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia, together with cognitive impairment are also reviewed. Both dietary patterns and nutritional supplementation showed the effects of improving glycemic control and reducing cognitive decline in diabetes associated with AD, but the intervention specificity remained controversial. Multi-nutrient supplements combined with diverse diets may have preventive and therapeutic potential for DM combined with AD, at least as related to the B vitamin group and folate-dependent homocysteine (Hcy). The nutritional intervention has promise in the prevention and management of DM and AD comorbidities, and more clinical studies would be of nutritional scientific merit.

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Regulation of Diabetes: a Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease?

Cited by 10 publications

References 147 publications

Annual Incidence of Dementia from 2003 to 2018 in Metropolitan Seoul, Korea: A Population-Based Study

Annual Incidence of Dementia from 2003 to 2018 in Metropolitan Seoul, Korea: A Population-Based Study

The Blood–Brain Barrier, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Resistance

Nutritional intervention for diabetes mellitus with Alzheimer's disease

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