Regulation of dipicolinic acid biosynthesis in sporulating <i>Bacillus cereus</i>. Characterization of enzymic changes and analysis of mutants

Forman, Michael D.; Aronson, Arthur I.

doi:10.1042/bj1260503

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…previously reported results for B. subtilis 168WT (3) and B. cereus (6). In part, the data are shown as a control to verify that the assay system used was capable of detecting the increases in dihydrodipicolinate synthase under conditions in which they were supposed to occur.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Regulation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase and aspartate kinase in Bacillus subtilis

Vold¹,

Szulmajster²,

Carbone³

1975

J Bacteriol

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The regulation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase (EC 4.2.1.52) and aspartate kinase (EC 2.7.2.4) was studied in Bacillus subtilis 168. Starvation for lysine gave depression of one aspartate kinase isoenzyme but not of dihydrodipicolinate synthase. Strains resistant to growth inhibition by the lysine analogue thiosine exhibited constitutively derepressed synthesis of one aspartate kinase isoenzyme but had normal levels of dihydrodipicolinate synthase. The data provide strong evidence that lysine is not the signal for derepression of dihydrodipicolinate synthase. Nevertheless, dihydrodipicolinate synthase specific activity increased during sporulation, and it is suggested that this increase may result, in part, from resistance to proteolysis of that enzyme.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Regulation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase and aspartate kinase in Bacillus subtilis

Vold¹,

Szulmajster²,

Carbone³

1975

J Bacteriol

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“…The biosynthesis of dipicolinic acid proceeds via the lysine biosynthetic pathway so that the first three enzymes in this pathway are essential for DPA formation (1,29). There is apparently only one spore-specific enzyme, DPA synthetase (9,14), needed for the synthesis of this unique spore compound, although derepression of one or more of the biosynthetic enzymes may be essential (14,26). It is also likely that cortex formation depends on vegetative enzymes plus BACTERIOL.…”

Section: Functions Of the Spore Coatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and morphogenesis of the bacterial spore coat.

Aronson¹,

Fitz-James²

1976

Bacteriological Reviews

213

142

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Crystal or inclusion Source Other features CP p Under location coat Bacillus cereus T B. cereus T. germinated B. cereus, SO3 treated B. cereus, extracted with DTE B. cereus, extracted with DTE-SDS B. cereus 10LD (lysozymedependent germination) B. cereus 13LS (lysozyme sensitive) B. cereus 10ts (temp-sensitive GSH reductase)a B. thuringiensis var. alesti B. cereus var. fowler B. thuringiensis var. finitimus B. popilliae

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“…Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase is required for the recovery of non-N-acetylated muropeptides during cell wall turnover in Clostridium acetobutylicum (52). dapA and dapB encode the precursor synthetic enzymes for dipicolinic acid and were activated during sporulation in Bacillus cereus (53,54). As for AC7_2228, encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase in the group of nucleotide transport and metabolism (group F), the phosphodonor Spo0B of B. anthracis exhibited the diphosphate kinase-like activity of phosphate transfer from nucleoside triphosphate to nucleoside diphosphate (55).…”

Section: Dca-induced Sporulation In C Perfringens Strain Nctc8239mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Profile during Deoxycholate-Induced Sporulation in a Clostridium perfringens Isolate Causing Foodborne Illness

Yasugi

Okuzaki

Kuwana

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Clostridium perfringens type A is a common source of foodborne illness (FBI) in humans. Vegetative cells sporulate in the small intestinal tract and produce the major pathogenic factor C. perfringens enterotoxin. Although sporulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of FBI, the mechanisms inducing sporulation remain unclear. Bile salts were shown previously to induce sporulation, and we confirmed deoxycholate (DCA)-induced sporulation in C. perfringens strain NCTC8239 cocultured with human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. In the present study, we performed transcriptome analyses of strain NCTC8239 in order to elucidate the mechanism underlying DCA-induced sporulation. Of the 2,761 genes analyzed, 333 were up-or downregulated during DCA-induced sporulation and included genes for cell division, nutrient metabolism, signal transduction, and defense mechanisms. In contrast, the virulence-associated transcriptional regulators (the VirR/VirS system, the agr system, codY, and abrB) were not activated by DCA. DCA markedly increased the expression of signaling molecules controlled by Spo0A, the master regulator of the sporulation process, whereas the expression of spo0A itself was not altered in the presence or absence of DCA. The phosphorylation of Spo0A was enhanced in the presence of DCA. Collectively, these results demonstrated that DCA induced sporulation, at least partially, by facilitating the phosphorylation of Spo0A and activating Spo0A-regulated genes in strain NCTC8239 while altering the expression of various genes. IMPORTANCEDisease caused by Clostridium perfringens type A consistently ranks among the most common bacterial foodborne illnesses in humans in developed countries. The sporulation of C. perfringens in the small intestinal tract is a key event for its pathogenesis, but the factors and underlying mechanisms by which C. perfringens sporulates in vivo currently remain unclear. Bile salts, major components of bile, which is secreted from the liver for the emulsification of lipids, were shown to induce sporulation. However, the mechanisms underlying bile salt-induced sporulation have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we demonstrate that deoxycholate (one of the bile salts) induces sporulation by facilitating the phosphorylation of Spo0A and activating Spo0A-regulated genes using a transcriptome analysis. Thus, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sporulation, particularly that of bile salt-induced sporulation, in C. perfringens. C lostridium perfringens, a Gram-positive spore-forming anaerobic bacterium, is highly prevalent in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals and also in nature, such as in soil, sewage, and rivers (1, 2). This bacterium has been identified as a major pathogen in foodborne illness (FBI) and consistently ranks among the most common bacterial FBI in the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan (1, 3, 4). Therefore, controlling this FBI is a critical issue from a public health perspective. FBI occurs when contaminated f...

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Regulation of dipicolinic acid biosynthesis in sporulating Bacillus cereus. Characterization of enzymic changes and analysis of mutants

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Regulation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase and aspartate kinase in Bacillus subtilis

Regulation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase and aspartate kinase in Bacillus subtilis

Structure and morphogenesis of the bacterial spore coat.

Transcriptional Profile during Deoxycholate-Induced Sporulation in a Clostridium perfringens Isolate Causing Foodborne Illness

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