Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Cyrtopodion Scabrum: An in vitro Study against Colorectal Cancer Cells

Abstract

Background: Natural treatment of cancer has received a lot of attention recently due to its advantages including low cost, and fewer side effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimetastatic properties of Cyrtopodion scabrum , a common home gecko, through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process. Methods: Human colon cancer HCT116 cell line was selected and allocated into the following experimental groups: untreated control, vehicle control (DMSO), Retinoic acid (RA), and two treatment groups including aqueous C.scabrum Whole Extract (CWE) and C.scabrum Cell Extract (CCE) groups. The effects of the two different extracts on the viability, migration, and morphology of HCT116 cells were investigated using MTT, colony formation, and wound healing assay as well as microscopic evaluation. We also investigated the gene expression of E-cad, N-cad, and Snail genes using Real-Time PCR analysis. Results: Our findings revealed that CWE and CCE were toxic to the HCT116 cell line with IC50 values of 590 and 680 µg/mL, respectively. Colony formation and migration ability of cancer cells were also inhibited by the two extracts, and the morphology of the cells were determined as epithelial phenotype. Moreover, the expression of N-cad and Snail were remarkably decreased in CWE and CCE, and RA groups, while E-cad didn’t change significantly as compared to the control. Conclusion: The results suggest that C. scabrum extract (CsE) may induce its anti-cancer activity through the inhibition of cancer cell growth and the EMT process. CCE, as a valuable natural source, could be also suggested, to be used as an alternative/complementary medicine for the treatment of cancer, in clinical trials.