2020
DOI: 10.3390/v12101079
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Regulation of Expression and Latency in BLV and HTLV

Abstract: Human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belong to the Deltaretrovirus genus. HTLV-1 is the etiologic agent of the highly aggressive and currently incurable cancer adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and a neurological disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). BLV causes neoplastic proliferation of B cells in cattle: enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL). Despite the severity of these conditions, infection by HTLV-1 and BLV appear in most cases clinicall… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(17 citation statements)
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References 245 publications
(323 reference statements)
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“…Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus closely related to HTLV-1 that causes B-cell lymphoma in ~5% of infected animals and has been proposed as a model for investigating the transmission, latency and pathogenesis of both BLV and HTLV [ 149 , 152 ]. In addition to cattle, BLV may infect sheep, and both species can develop leukemia and lymphoma.…”
Section: Htlv-1-related Virus and Animal Models Of Leukemogenesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus closely related to HTLV-1 that causes B-cell lymphoma in ~5% of infected animals and has been proposed as a model for investigating the transmission, latency and pathogenesis of both BLV and HTLV [ 149 , 152 ]. In addition to cattle, BLV may infect sheep, and both species can develop leukemia and lymphoma.…”
Section: Htlv-1-related Virus and Animal Models Of Leukemogenesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Even in other retroviruses which do not specifically target immune cell types, the antiviral response is a signaling pathway that coincides with infection, and encoding regulatory motifs that allow viral transcription to be upregulated by this pathway may be a way for the virus to hijack cellular antiviral signaling and turn it into an advantage. In addition, HIV‐1, along with a number of other retroviruses, persists long term in an infected host organism through a program of transcriptionally silent latency, punctuated by transcriptionally active reactivation events 50,139,140 . It is known that these reactivation events can be triggered by external activation of the immune response, including secondary infection, cellular stress or injury, or inflammation.…”
Section: Why Are Viruses Repeatedly Co‐opted For Immunity?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is observed, for instance, in two human retroviruses: HIV-1 and HTLV-1. For HIV-1, the overlap involves the env , tat , and rev genes [ 39 ], and for HTLV-1 it involves the p13/p30 , tax , and rex genes [ 40 ]. Significantly fewer are the examples in which the pair of overlapping ORFs are encoded on different DNA strands, and therefore in opposite orientations.…”
Section: A Special Kind Of Overprinting: Antisense Genesmentioning
confidence: 99%