Regulation of extracellular matrix compounds involved in angiogenic processes in short‐ and long‐track elite runners

Suhr, Frank; Rosenwick, C.; Vassiliadis, Alessandra; Bloch, Wilhelm; Brixius, Klara

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00960.x

Cited by 34 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In accordance with Reihmane et al. and other studies determining MMP‐9 concentration but not MMP‐9 activity (Koskinen et al., ; Suhr et al., ; Reihmane et al., , ), we also found a significant increase in MMP‐9 concentrations after the ultra‐endurance race. It is further known that IL‐6, which is also released by damaged muscle, is a strong inducer of MMP‐9 expression and release (Pedersen & Febbraio, ; Reihmane et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Ultra‐endurance exercise induces stress and inflammation and affects circulating hematopoietic progenitor cell function

Stelzer

Kröpfl

Fuchs

et al. 2014

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Although amateur sports have become increasingly competitive within recent decades, there are as yet few studies on the possible health risks for athletes. This study aims to determine the impact of ultra-endurance exercise-induced stress on the number and function of circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells (CPCs) and hematological, inflammatory, clinical, metabolic, and stress parameters in moderately trained amateur athletes. Following ultra-endurance exercise, there were significant increases in leukocytes, platelets, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, tissue enzymes, blood lactate, serum cortisol, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Ultra-endurance exercise did not influence the number of CPCs but resulted in a highly significant decline of CPC functionality after the competition. Furthermore, Epstein-Barr virus was seen to be reactivated in one of seven athletes. The link between exercise-induced stress and decline of CPC functionality is supported by a negative correlation between cortisol and CPC function. We conclude that ultra-endurance exercise induces metabolic stress and an inflammatory response that affects not only mature hematopoietic cells but also the function of the immature hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fraction, which make up the immune system and provide for regeneration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Ultra‐endurance exercise induces stress and inflammation and affects circulating hematopoietic progenitor cell function

Stelzer

Kröpfl

Fuchs

et al. 2014

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Mice lacking TSP‐1 also display a greater basal muscle capillarity and increased exercise performance compared to wild‐type mice (Malek & Olfert, 2009). Circulating endostatin has been shown to increase with acute exercise (Gu et al 2004), but is reduced after prolonged training in humans (Brixius et al 2008; Suhr et al 2010). Recent evidence suggests that the anti‐angiogenic action of endostatin on endothelial cell activity may be dependent on the nuclear protein nucleolin (Shi et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal response of positive and negative regulators in response to acute and chronic exercise training in mice

Olenich

Gutierrez‐Reed

Audet

et al. 2013

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points• Angiogenic regulators respond to acute exercise with different temporal expression patterns (e.g. 2-4 h versus 12-24 h) creating a complex multifaceted response that must be considered in studies using a single time point for post-exercise analyses.• In response to chronic training there appears to be a complex coordination in the proteomic responses of both positive and negative angiogenic factors that correspond with training-induced muscle capillary adaptation, such that altered basal expression and acute responses to exercise appear to withdraw or reduce the stimulus of angiogenic regulators in an expanding capillary bed with active angiogenesis.• These are the first data to show that nucleolin (a protein responsible for transcriptional processing and transportation of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus) is responsive to acute exercise. We speculate that nucleolin may work in concert with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) and endostatin.• Temporal responses observed in mice, particularly for VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9, may not be directly comparable to humans.Abstract Angiogenesis is controlled by a balance between positive and negative angiogenic factors, but temporal protein expression of many key angiogenic regulators in response to exercise are still poorly defined. In C57BL/6 mice, we evaluated the temporal protein expression of several pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in response to (1) a single acute bout of exercise and (2) chronic exercise training resulting from 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 days of voluntary wheel running. Following acute exercise, protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF), endostatin and nucleolin were increased at 2-4 h (P < 0.05), whereas matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 was elevated within a 12-24 h window (P < 0.05). Training increased muscle capillarity 11%, 15% and 22% starting with 7, 14 and 28 days of training, respectively (P < 0.01). Basal VEGF and MMP-2 were increased by 31% and 22%, respectively, compared to controls (P < 0.05) after 7 days (7d) training, but decreased to back to baseline after 14d training. After 28d training VEGF fell 49% below baseline control (P < 0.01). Basal muscle expression of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) was ∼900% greater in 14d-and 28d-trained mice compared to either 5d-and 7d-trained mice (P < 0.05), and tended to increase by ∼180-258% compared to basal control levels (P < 0.10).The acute responsiveness of VEGF to exercise in untrained mice (i.e. 161% increase, P < 0.001) was lost with capillary adaptation occurring after 7, 14 and 28d training. Taken together, these data support the notion that skeletal muscle angiogenesis is controlled by a balance between positive and negative mitogens, and reveals a complex, highly-coordinated, temporal scheme whereby these factors can differentially influence capillary growth in response to acute versus chronic exercise.

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“…17,34 Similarly, the results of previous studies looking at the acute effects of exercise on circulating MMPs report either stimulation of the MMP system or no effect. 17,[35][36][37] Previous studies are more consistent in terms of endostatin, demonstrating significant increases following either aerobic or resistance exercise. 17,33,36 The reasons for these different results are unclear but may be attributed to the different exercise regimens, the timing of sample collection, or the site of sample collection in relation to the exercised limb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Circulating angiogenic biomolecules at rest and in response to upper-limb exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury

Vasiliadis

Zafeiridis

Δίπλα

et al. 2013

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Objective: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) show structural and functional vascular maladaptations and muscle loss in their lower limbs. Angiogenic biomolecules play important roles in physiological and pathological angiogenesis, and are implicated in the maintenance of muscle mass. This study examined the responses of angiogenic molecules during upper-limb aerobic exercise in patients with SCI and in able-bodied (AB) individuals. Methods: Eight SCI patients with thoracic lesions (T 6 -T 12 , ASIA A) and eight AB individuals performed an armcranking exercise for 30 minutes at 60% of their VO 2max . Plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A 165 ), VEGF receptor 1 (sVEGFr-1), VEGF receptor 2 (sVEGFr-2), metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and endostatin were measured at rest, after exercise, and at 1.5 and 3.0 hours during recovery. Results: The two-way analysis of variance showed non-significant main effects of "group" and significant main effects of "time/exercise" for all angiogenic biomolecules examined (P < 0.01-0.001). The arm-cranking exercise significantly increased plasma concentrations of VEGF, sVEGFr-1, sVEGFr-2, MMP-2, and endostatin in both groups (P < 0.001-0.01). The magnitude of the increase was similar in both patients with SCI and AB individuals, as shown by the non-significant group × time interaction for all angiogenic parameters. Conclusions: Upper-limb exercise (arm-cranking for 30 minutes at 60% of VO 2max ) is a sufficient stimulus to trigger a coordinated circulating angiogenic response in patients with SCI. The response of angiogenic molecules to upper-limb aerobic exercise in SCI appears relatively similar to that observed in AB individuals.

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Regulation of extracellular matrix compounds involved in angiogenic processes in short‐ and long‐track elite runners

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Ultra‐endurance exercise induces stress and inflammation and affects circulating hematopoietic progenitor cell function

Ultra‐endurance exercise induces stress and inflammation and affects circulating hematopoietic progenitor cell function

Temporal response of positive and negative regulators in response to acute and chronic exercise training in mice

Circulating angiogenic biomolecules at rest and in response to upper-limb exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury

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