“…In the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Gasterosteidae, Gasterosteiformes), e.g ., the blue iridescent eye of the male during the mating period is a primary courtship signal in female mate choice (Flamarique et al ., 2013). These eye pigments have been shown to be mediated by hormones in different species (Franco‐Belussi et al ., 2018; Fujii, 2000). In Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cichlidae, Perciformes), the relative position in the social hierarchy influences the levels of hepatic insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I) mRNA expression and the eye colour pattern (Vera Cruz & Brown, 2007; Volpato et al ., 2003).…”