Regulation of Feeding and Metabolism by Neuropeptide F and Short Neuropeptide F in Invertebrates

Abstract

Numerous neuropeptide systems have been implicated to coordinately control energy homeostasis, both centrally and peripherally. However, the vertebrate neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has emerged as the best described one regarding this biological process. The protostomian ortholog of NPY is neuropeptide F, characterized by an RXRF(Y)amide carboxyterminal motif. A second neuropeptide system is short NPF, characterized by an M/T/L/FRF(W)amide carboxyterminal motif. Although both short and long NPF neuropeptide systems display carboxyterminal sequence similarities, they are evolutionary distant and likely already arose as separate signaling systems in the common ancestor of deuterostomes and protostomes, indicating the functional importance of both. Both NPF and short-NPF systems seem to have roles in the coordination of feeding across bilaterian species, but during chordate evolution, the short NPF system appears to have been lost or evolved into the prolactin releasing peptide signaling system, which regulates feeding and has been suggested to be orthologous to sNPF. Here we review the roles of both NPF and sNPF systems in the regulation of feeding and metabolism in invertebrates.

Geomagnetic field absence reduces adult body weight of a migratory insect by disrupting feeding behavior and appetite regulation

“…Thus, N. lugens is a promising insect model for the in-depth exploration of magnetoreception mechanisms. In addition to the potential magnetoreceptor Crys and multifunctional AKH-AKHR signaling, here we also explored the expression of orexigenic neuropeptide F (NPF) and short NPF (sNPF) genes thought to play a role in appetite regulation (Fadda et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019). Combining the investigation of magnetic field effects on feeding behavior along with glucose levels suggested to be negatively correlated with appetite (Timper and Bruning, 2017;Ugrankar et al, 2018), and the expression of appetite-related genes, we provide the first evidence that reducing GMF intensity negatively affects energy homeostasis in animals by altering feeding behavior and its underlying regulation.…”

Mapping of Neuropeptide Y Expression inOctopusBrains

“…The role of NPY in the regulation of feeding and satiety has been explored in both protostome and deuterostome taxa since the 1990s (Hanson et al, 1995). One extensively conserved role for NPY is as an orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) factor (Beck, 2006, Christie et al, 2011, Di Cristo et al, 2017, Fadda et al, 2019.…”

Urbilaterian origin and evolution of sNPF-type neuropeptide signalling

“…It is noteworthy that NPY/NPF-type signalling has only 621 been partially characterised in a model invertebrate system -the nematode C. elegans. Our 622 phylogenetic analysis indicates that there are two C. elegans receptors that are orthologs of 623 NPY/NPF-type receptors: NPR-12, which is an orphan receptor, and NPR-11, which has 624 been shown to be activated by the peptide MDANAFRMSFamide based on similarity-based sequence alignments, it has been suggested that the mature peptide 631 derived from the C. elegans protein FLP-27 may be an ortholog of NPY/NPF-type peptides 632 (Fadda et al 2019). Here, our analysis of the structure of the gene encoding the FLP-27 633 precursor has revealed that it has the characteristic structure of NPY/NPF-type genes, with an 634 intron interrupting the codon for the C-terminal arginine of the NPF-type peptide sequence.…”

“…Thus, the determination of deep homology 808 relationships is normally accomplished by generating phylogenetic trees (Gabaldón 2008). 809 Nevertheless, informed by the hypothesis of Jekely (2013) that sNPF-type signalling may 810 be orthologous to PrRP-type signalling, which was also reported in a recent review article 811 (Fadda et al, 2019), here we investigated the occurrence PrRP-like neuropeptides in the 812 hemichordate S. kowalevskii and the cephalochordate B. floridae. Importantly, we identified 813 one precursor protein in B. floridae and two precursor proteins in S. kowalevskii that contain 814 peptides that share sequence similarity with both echinoderm sNPF-type neuropeptides and 815 with vertebrate PrRP-type neuropeptides.…”