Regulation of Feeding-Associated Peptides and Receptors by Nicotine

Li, Ming D.; Parker, Steven L.; Kane, Justin K.

doi:10.1385/mn:22:1-3:143

Cited by 64 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 171 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The drugs of abuse of choice of our participants, in order of prevalence were cigarette smoking, cocaine, alcohol and marijuana. Heavy use of cigarettes and crack cocaine were significantly and inversely associated with obesity in our cohort, which is consistent with our previous report linking heavy cocaine use with wasting [34] and with the anorectic effect of these drugs [35][36][37] . Marijuana use on the other hand, a known appetite stimulant, tended to be associated with central obesity in our cohort, although not significantly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-Positive Drug Users in Miami

Baum

Rafie²,

Lai³

et al. 2006

American J. of Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The frequency of coronary heart disease (CHD) is increasing among HIV seropositive persons. This phenomenon may be related to HIV disease itself, the use of antiretroviral medications and increased length of survival, or the synergism of these factors. In this study we have calculated the 10-year CHD risk estimate and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a cohort of 118 HIV seropositive chronic drug users, including those who are on HAART with or without protease inhibitors (PI). The results showed that the 10-year coronary heart disease risk among the HIV seropositive drug users was 4.8 ± 5.7, which is within the range of results published for other HIV infected cohorts. The 10-year CHD risk was significantly higher in men (5.9±6.1, p<0.001) than in women (1.7±2.4), due to their gender and the pre-menopausal mean age of the women (39.4±7.3 years of age), despite a significantly higher rate of abdominal obesity (54.8% in women vs. 8.1% in men, p<0.001) and lower HDL (61.3% in women vs. 40% in men, p=0.042). The rate of metabolic syndrome among our female HIV seropositive drug users was significantly higher (29% vs 10.3%, p=0.013) compared to men (10.3%). Participants with metabolic syndrome had a significantly higher 10-year CHD risk (27.8% vs. 10.2%, p=0.041) and higher mean BMI (28.6 ± 4.1 vs. 24.2±4, p<0.001) than those without the syndrome. The predominant proportion of the cohort had a high viral load, suggesting that their use of illicit drugs has an influence on either adherence or effectiveness of antiretroviral medication. Increased viral load was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (OR=2.23, 95% CI:1.12, 4.47; p=0.023), high fasting glucose (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.55; p=0.042) and low HDL levels (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.98; p=0.046), after controlling for age gender, smoking, PI exposure, BMI and CD4. HAART with or without PI did not significantly impact the 10-year CHD risk estimate or metabolic syndrome in this cohort. The estimated effect of PI, however, was positively and significantly related to triglyceride levels (effect estimate=95.81; 95% CI:39.40, 152.21; p<0.01) after controlling for age, gender, smoking, viral load, CD4 cell count and BMI. Heavy use of cigarettes and crack/cocaine was inversely associated with obesity (OR=0. 84, 95% CI:0.67, 0.99; p=0.049; OR=0.43, 95% CI:0.19, 0.98; p=0.044, respectively), while use of marijuana tended to be associated with increased central obesity (p=0.08). Heavy cigarette smoking was significantly associated with low HDL (OR=3.06, 95% CI:1.18; 7.95, p=0.02). The significant association of higher viral load with CHD risk indicates that controlling viral load may be important in reducing CHD risk in HIV infected drug users.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-Positive Drug Users in Miami

Baum

Rafie²,

Lai³

et al. 2006

American J. of Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In both humans and animals, nicotine acts both centrally and peripherally to reduce appetite and body weight, and nicotine withdrawal results in hyperphagia and weight gain. [63][64][65] Children of smokers tend to be less physically active and have poorer diet quality. [66][67][68] In one study, adults with prenatal smoking exposure were more likely to report having a 'poor appetite', although dietary intake was not measured; since they were also heavier, appetite perception might have been influenced rather than appetite itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Perform a systematic review of studies reporting on the association between maternal prenatal cigarette smoking and child overweight. Design: Meta-analysis of observational studies. Data sources: Medline search and review of reference lists among studies published through June 2006. Review methods: Included studies reported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of overweight among children at least 2 years of age. We did not include in the meta-analysis studies that provided only a continuous measure of adiposity, although those studies are discussed separately. Results: Based on results of 84 563 children reported in 14 observational studies, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were at elevated risk for overweight (pooled adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) at ages 3-33 years, compared with children whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. The pooled estimate from unadjusted odds ratios (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.69) was similar to the adjusted estimate, suggesting that sociodemographic and behavioral differences between smokers and nonsmokers did not explain the observed association. Although we observed evidence for publication bias, simulating a symmetric set of studies yielded a similar estimate (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.55). Conclusions:Prenatal smoking exposure appears to increase rates of overweight in childhood. In parts of the world undergoing the epidemiologic transition, the continuing increase in smoking among young women could contribute to spiraling increases in rates of obesity-related health outcomes in the 21st century.

show abstract

“…Previous investigations have demonstrated that short-term cigarette smoke exposure leads to a reduction in body weight and food intake, suggesting a mechanism of alteration in activity of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y by nicotine. [21,22] Others suggest that smoking-related health risks may increase during periods of significant weight loss. [23] In unanesthetised animals, weekly Na + excretion decreased in nicotine-infused animals but increased progressively in animals administered methylated spirits alone and in combination with nicotine (see Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Function in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Concurrently Exposed to Long-Term Nicotine (3-{1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinyl}Pyridine) and Methylated Spirits (Methyl Alcohol)

2008

Renal Failure

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abuse of nicotine and methylated spirits is a global problem. The current study determined the concurrent influence of nicotine and methylated spirits on renal hemodynamics. Two series of experimental protocols were designed: conscious and anesthetized vehicle loading. Conscious animals received nicotine (0.1 mg.kg -1 bwt, 0.26-0.30 mL), methylated spirits (1.0 g.kg -1 bwt, 0.26-0.30 mL), combined nicotine and methylated spirits, and control animals (water, 0.26-0.30 mL). Anesthetized animals were challenged with a continuous jugular infusion of 0.077M NaCl. Plasma nicotine concentration was significantly elevated in combined conscious treatments by comparison with animals infused nicotine alone. Plasma arginine vasopressin was significantly attenuated in combined conscious groups, and those infused methylated spirits alone. Aldosterone was elevated in all conscious groups. Both plasma ethanol and methanol concentrations were elevated in rats concurrently administered nicotine and methylated spirits compared with those given methylated spirits alone. Urinary Na + levels were significantly elevated in all anesthetized groups associated with attenuated aldosterone concentrations. Plasma nicotine concentrations were increased in combined treatments. Plasma ethanol levels were significantly reduced and elevated in rats concurrently exposed to nicotine and methylated spirits, respectively. The present study suggests that chronic exposure to methylated spirits alone and in combination with nicotine increases urinary Na + loss. The renal toxicity is manifested hypothetically via elevations in plasma nicotine and methanol concentrations. This implies that people who concurrently consume methylated spirits and smoke cigarettes have an increased risk of renal failure by being predisposed to fluid and electrolyte disturbances.

show abstract

Regulation of Feeding-Associated Peptides and Receptors by Nicotine

Cited by 64 publications

References 171 publications

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-Positive Drug Users in Miami

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-Positive Drug Users in Miami

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

Renal Function in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Concurrently Exposed to Long-Term Nicotine (3-{1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinyl}Pyridine) and Methylated Spirits (Methyl Alcohol)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About