Regulation of Flowering Time: When and Where?

Freytes, Santiago Nicolás; Canelo, Micaela; Cerdán, Pablo D.

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102049

Cited by 95 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The commitment to flower relies on the concerted action of different signalling pathways, including vernalisation, age, photoperiod and autonomous pathways (Freytes et al, 2021). These converge in regulating the accumulation of Flowering Locus T (FT), a small mobile protein, which then initiates a signalling cascade leading to the accumulation of flowering meristem identity regulators.…”

Section: Getting Ready To Reproduce—floral Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugars and the speed of life—Metabolic signals that determine plant growth, development and death

Wingler

Henriques

2022

Physiologia Plantarum

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Plant growth and development depend on the availability of carbohydrates synthesised in photosynthesis (source activity) and utilisation of these carbohydrates for growth (sink activity). External conditions, such as temperature, nutrient availability and stress, can affect source as well as sink activity. Optimal utilisation of resources is under circadian clock control. This molecular timekeeper ensures that growth responses are adjusted to different photoperiod and temperature settings by modulating starch accumulation and degradation accordingly. For example, during the night, starch degradation is required to provide sugars for growth. Under favourable growth conditions, high sugar availability stimulates growth and development, resulting in an overall accelerated life cycle of annual plants. Key signalling components include trehalose‐6‐phosphate (Tre6P), which reflects sucrose availability and stimulates growth and branching when the conditions are favourable. Under sink limitation, Tre6P does, however, inhibit night‐time starch degradation. Tre6P interacts with Sucrose‐non‐fermenting1‐Related Kinase1 (SnRK1), a protein kinase that inhibits growth under starvation and stress conditions and delays development (including flowering and senescence). Tre6P inhibits SnRK1 activity, but SnRK1 increases the Tre6P to sucrose ratio under favourable conditions. Alongside Tre6P, Target of Rapamycin (TOR) stimulates processes such as protein synthesis and growth when sugar availability is high. In annual plants, an accelerated life cycle results in early leaf and plant senescence, thus shortening the lifespan. While the availability of carbohydrates in the form of sucrose and other sugars also plays an important role in seasonal life cycle events (phenology) of perennial plants, the sugar signalling pathways in perennials are less well understood.

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Section: Getting Ready To Reproduce—floral Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugars and the speed of life—Metabolic signals that determine plant growth, development and death

Wingler

Henriques

2022

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…The switch from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is a pivotal event in plant development, mostly dependent on the environmental stimuli such as day length (photoperiodic flowering) and temperature (vernalization) that plants perceive to determine the proper timing to assure successful reproduction, and ultimately the survival of the species (Freytes et al ., 2021). However, plants subjected to a variety of stressful conditions can anticipate their flowering through a new category of flowering response, known as stress-induced flowering, aimed to guarantee species survival when they cannot adapt to unfavourable conditions (Takeno, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prps1 Overexpression Promotes Early Flowering While Prpl4 Ov...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation of protein homeostasis brings plastids at the crossroad between repair and dismantling

Tadini

Jeran

Domingo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The chloroplast proteome is a dynamic mosaic of plastid- and nuclear-encoded proteins. Plastid protein homeostasis is maintained through the balance between de novo synthesis and proteolysis. Intracellular communication pathways, including the plastid-to-nucleus signalling and the protein homeostasis machinery, made of stromal chaperones and proteases, shape chloroplast proteome based on developmental and physiological needs. However, the maintenance of fully functional chloroplasts is costly and under specific stress conditions the degradation of damaged chloroplasts is essential to the maintenance of a healthy population of photosynthesising organelles while promoting nutrient redistribution to sink tissues. In this work, we have addressed this complex regulatory chloroplast- quality-control pathway by modulating the expression of two nuclear genes encoding plastid ribosomal proteins PRPS1 and PRPL4. By transcriptomics, proteomics and transmission electron microscopy analyses, we show that the increased expression of PRPS1 gene leads to chloroplast degradation and early flowering, as an escape strategy from stress. On the contrary, the overaccumulation of PRPL4 protein is kept under control by increasing the amount of plastid chaperones and components of the unfolded protein response (cpUPR) regulatory mechanism. This study advances our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast retrograde communication and provides new insight into cellular responses to impaired plastid protein homeostasis.

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“…Based on the DEG annotation, we identified genes associated with life-cycle events. For example, TEMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), a key regulator of flowering time and the development of the inflorescence meristem [26,27], showed almost undetectable expression levels in transgenic A. thaliana and stronger expression in the wild-type (Figure 9); AGAMOUS-like 24 [28], AGAMOUS-like 42 [29], MYB13 [30], and ethylene response DNA-binding factor 3 [31], which regulate the floral process, were also down-regulated in transgenic A. thaliana (Figure 9); in addition, genes related to leaf senescence, such as senescence-associated gene [32,33], dehydration-responsive element binding and EAR motif protein [34], were up-regulated in transgenic A. thaliana (Figure 9). These data suggested that LaDAL1 over-expression changes the transcriptome of A. thaliana, contributing to the acceleration of its life-cycle progression.…”

Section: Ladal1 Over-expression Changes the Expression Of Genes Relat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-Expression of Larch DAL1 Accelerates Life-Cycle Progression in Arabidopsis

Zang

Cheng

et al. 2022

Forests

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Homologs of Larix kaempferiDEFICIENS-AGAMOUS-LIKE 1 (LaDAL1) promote flowering in Arabidopsis. However, their functional role in the whole life-cycle is limited. Here, we analyzed the phenotypes and transcriptomes of Arabidopsis plants over-expressing LaDAL1. With respect to the defined life-cycle stage of Arabidopsis based on the meristem state, the results showed that LaDAL1 promoted seed germination, bolting, flower initiation, and global proliferative arrest, indicating that LaDAL1 accelerates the meristem reactivation, the transitions of vegetative meristem to inflorescence and flower meristem, and meristem arrest. As a marker gene of meristem, TERMINAL FLOWER 1 was down-regulated after LaDAL1 over-expression. These results reveal that LaDAL1 accelerates the life-cycle progression in Arabidopsis by promoting the transition of meristem fate, providing more and novel functional information about the conifer age-related gene DAL1.

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Regulation of Flowering Time: When and Where?

Cited by 95 publications

References 62 publications

Sugars and the speed of life—Metabolic signals that determine plant growth, development and death

Sugars and the speed of life—Metabolic signals that determine plant growth, development and death

Perturbation of protein homeostasis brings plastids at the crossroad between repair and dismantling

Over-Expression of Larch DAL1 Accelerates Life-Cycle Progression in Arabidopsis

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