Regulation of glutamine synthetase in normal and injured neural tissues

Vardimon, Lily; Dror, Iris; Avisar, Noa; Shiftan, Liora; Kruchkova, Yelena; Oren, Anat

doi:10.1002/1438-826x(200110)2:2/3<83::aid-gnfd83>3.0.co;2-w

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“…One of the up-regulated genes in P. maximus , glutamine synthetase ( Supplementary File S1 ), might play a neuroprotective role against glutamate neurotoxicity in neural tissues [ 60 , 61 ], because it catalyzes the transformation of glutamate to glutamine. Glutamate and glutamate receptor agonists increased glutamine synthetase expression and glutamine synthetase activity in cultured astrocytes [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Response in the Digestive Gland of the King Scallop (Pecten maximus) After the Injection of Domoic Acid

Ventoso

Pazos

Blanco

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Some diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid. The depuration rate of domoic acid in Pecten maximus is very low; for this reason, king scallops generally contain high levels of domoic acid in their tissues. A transcriptomic approach was used to identify the genes differentially expressed in the P. maximus digestive gland after the injection of domoic acid. The differential expression analysis found 535 differentially expressed genes (226 up-regulated and 309 down-regulated). Protein–protein interaction networks obtained with the up-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as vesicle-mediated transport, response to stress, signal transduction, immune system process, RNA metabolic process, and autophagy, while networks obtained with the down-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as response to stress, immune system process, ribosome biogenesis, signal transduction, and mRNA processing. Genes that code for cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione S-transferase theta-1, glutamine synthase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, and sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 were among the up-regulated genes. Therefore, a stress response at the level of gene expression, that could be caused by the domoic acid injection, was evidenced by the alteration of several biological, cellular, and molecular processes.

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