Regulation of hematopoietic stem cells in the niche

Abstract

Hematopoiesis provides a suitable model for understanding adult stem cells and their niche. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) continuously produce blood cells through orchestrated proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation in the bone marrow (BM). Within the BM exists a highly organized microenvironment termed "niche" where stem cells reside and are maintained. HSC niche is the first evidence that a microenvironment contributes to protecting stem cell integrity and functionality in mammals. Although multiple models exist, recent progress has principally elucidated the cellular complexity of the HSC niche that maintains and regulates HSCs in BM. Here we introduce the development and summarize the achievements of HSC niche studies. hematopoietic stem cells, niche, regeneration Citation:Zhao M, Li LH. Regulation of hematopoietic stem cells in the niche.

Regulation of long‐term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells by EPCR/PAR1 signaling

“…59 Signals produced as a consequence of the dynamic osteoclast/osteoblast bone turnover by BM-derived cells, such as osteoblasts, 60 mesenchymal progenitor cells, endothelial cells, and myeloid cells, coordinately regenerate the BM, making it the preferred site for adult LT-HSCs. 1,[61][62][63] Despite technology breakthroughs in high-resolution in vivo imaging techniques, the exact location of BM LT-HSCs and the dynamic nature, cellular composition, and structure of their niches remain controversial topics. 1 Another fundamental open question that remains is whether different niches exist for quiescent and for cycling LT-HSCs in the BM.…”

Sorting protein VPS33B regulates exosomal autocrine signaling to mediate hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis

“…The fates of HSCs are tightly orchestrated among quiescence, self-renewal, differentiation, apoptosis, and motility. A spectrum of intrinsic factors and extrinsic cues from the environment are required to maintain the stemness of HSCs (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). However, the underlying regulatory networks for maintaining HSC activities remain largely unknown.…”

Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Nanotechnology: A Focus on Wnt Signaling

“…Nearly 80–90% of patients with prostate cancer have bone metastasis (Petrylak et al, 2004; Tannock et al, 2004). Although the mechanism of the tendency to metastasize to bone is not clear, experimental evidences suggest that bone marrow may provide a microenvironment to support PCSCs, as it does for HSCs (Lymperi et al, 2010; Zhao and Li, 2015). Interestingly, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) from prostate cancer, particularly PCSCs, can compete with HSCs to occupy bone marrow osteoblastic niche for their maintenance (Shiozawa et al, 2011).…”