Regulation of immune complex formation and signalling by <scp>FERONIA</scp>, a busy goddess in plant–microbe interactions

Duan, Zhikun; Liu, Wei; Li, Kaiwen; Duan, Wenwen; Xing, Jingjing; Chen, Tong; Luo, Xiaomin

doi:10.1111/mpp.13256

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…LLG proteins could be directly important for those ROS-regulated processes as LLG binds with FER, FER activates GEF and RAC/ROP GTPase which recruit and activates RboH resulting in ROS production [13,51,52]. RALF/FER together with LLG partially targets the PTI-related FLS2/BAK1 complex to modulate ROS levels, which allows for recruitment of beneficial microbes by sensing plant cell wall integrity [51,[53][54][55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of a LORELEI- like gene from Phaseolus vulgaris during a mutualistic interaction with Rhizobium tropici

Pascual-Morales,

Jiménez-Chávez,

Olivares-Grajales

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by NADPH oxidases known as RBOHs in plants, play a key role in plant development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, hormone signaling, and reproduction. Among the subfamily of receptor-like kinases referred to as CrRLK, there is FERONIA (FER), a regulator of RBOHs, and FER requires a GPI-modified membrane protein produced by LORELEI (LRE) or LORELEI-like proteins (LLG) to reach the plasma membrane and generate ROS. In Arabidopsis, AtLLG1 is involved in interactions with microbes as AtLLG1 interacts with the flagellin receptor (FLS2) to trigger the innate immune response, but the role of LLGs in mutualistic interactions has not been examined. In this study, two Phaseolus vulgaris LLG genes were identified, PvLLG2 that was expressed in floral tissue and PvLLG1 that was expressed in vegetative tissue. Transcripts of PvLLG1 increased during rhizobial nodule formation peaking during the early period of well-developed nodules. Also, P. vulgaris roots expressing pPvLLG1:GFP-GUS showed that this promoter was highly active during rhizobium infections, and very similar to the subcellular localization using a construct pLLG1::PvLLG1-Neon. Compared to control plants, PvLLG1 silenced plants had less superoxide (O2-) at the root tip and elongation zone, spotty hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the elongation root zone, and significantly reduced root hair length, nodule number and nitrogen fixation. Unlike control plants, PvLLG1 overexpressing plants showed superoxide beyond the nodule meristem, and significantly increased nodule number and nodule diameter. PvLLG1 appears to play a key role during this mutualistic interaction, possibly due to the regulation of the production and distribution of ROS in roots.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of a LORELEI- like gene from Phaseolus vulgaris during a mutualistic interaction with Rhizobium tropici

Pascual-Morales,

Jiménez-Chávez,

Olivares-Grajales

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…In the Arabidopsis mutant feronia ( fer ), the pollen tube fails to arrest and thus continues to grow inside the female gametophyte without rupture for the release of sperms [ 17 , 18 ]. Besides the role in reproduction, accumulating evidence suggests that FER plays critical roles in a diversity of biological processes, such as root growth [ 135 , 136 , 137 ], immune responses [ 21 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ], environmental adaptations [ 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 ], etc.…”

Section: Cwi Signal Candidates In Fruit Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Integrity Signaling in Fruit Ripening

Jia

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Plant cell walls are essential structures for plant growth and development as well as plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Thus, plants have evolved signaling mechanisms to monitor the changes in the cell wall structure, triggering compensatory changes to sustain cell wall integrity (CWI). CWI signaling can be initiated in response to environmental and developmental signals. However, while environmental stress-associated CWI signaling has been extensively studied and reviewed, less attention has been paid to CWI signaling in relation to plant growth and development under normal conditions. Fleshy fruit development and ripening is a unique process in which dramatic alternations occur in cell wall architecture. Emerging evidence suggests that CWI signaling plays a pivotal role in fruit ripening. In this review, we summarize and discuss the CWI signaling in relation to fruit ripening, which will include cell wall fragment signaling, calcium signaling, and NO signaling, as well as Receptor-Like Protein Kinase (RLKs) signaling with an emphasis on the signaling of FERONIA and THESEUS, two members of RLKs that may act as potential CWI sensors in the modulation of hormonal signal origination and transduction in fruit development and ripening.

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“…The influx of Ca 2+ regulates ROS production during immune signaling and controls stomatal responses to pathogenic microorganisms through the activation of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) (Li, et al 2014 ). A range of fungi and nematodes can also secrete plant RALF homologs to suppress host immune responses and increase host disease susceptibility (Duan, et al 2022 ). The lower side of the cell shows the activity of RALFs under abiotic stress: under salt stress, the extracellular domain of FER and co-receptor LLGs sense the cell wall perturbation caused by Na + , trigger intracellular Ca 2+ transients, and initiate cell wall repair (Feng, et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Functions Of Ralfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, RALF is involved in fungal invasion-induced signal transduction events (Duan, et al 2022 ). Gm RALF4 and Gm RALF24, which are highly homologous to At RALF23, are involved in the immune response to F. oxysporum , and soybean hypocotyls treated with Gm RALF4 and Gm RALF24 were less resistant to F. oxysporum (Liu, et al 2022b ).…”

Section: Functions Of Ralfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RALF, a plant immunomodulator, is involved in host–pathogen crosstalk (Duan, et al 2022 ; Masachis, et al 2016 ; Song, et al 2021 ; Zhang, et al 2020a ; Zhang, et al 2021a ), and also plays a crucial role in the immune response of crops. Os RALFL7 (LOC_Os01g25560) and Os RALFL8 (LOC_Os02g44940) were able to be induced by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (Wang, et al 2020c ).…”

Section: Application Potential Of Ralfs In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid alkalinization factor: function, regulation, and potential applications in agriculture

et al. 2023

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Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) is widespread throughout the plant kingdom and controls many aspects of plant life. Current studies on the regulatory mechanism underlying RALF function mainly focus on Arabidopsis, but little is known about the role of RALF in crop plants. Here, we systematically and comprehensively analyzed the relation between RALF family genes from five important crops and those in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Simultaneously, we summarized the functions of RALFs in controlling growth and developmental behavior using conservative motifs as cues and predicted the regulatory role of RALFs in cereal crops. In conclusion, RALF has considerable application potential in improving crop yields and increasing economic benefits. Using gene editing technology or taking advantage of RALF as a hormone additive are effective way to amplify the role of RALF in crop plants.

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Regulation of immune complex formation and signalling by FERONIA, a busy goddess in plant–microbe interactions

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Role of a LORELEI- like gene from Phaseolus vulgaris during a mutualistic interaction with Rhizobium tropici

Role of a LORELEI- like gene from Phaseolus vulgaris during a mutualistic interaction with Rhizobium tropici

Cell Wall Integrity Signaling in Fruit Ripening

Rapid alkalinization factor: function, regulation, and potential applications in agriculture

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