Regulation of leptin production: a dominant role for the sympathetic nervous system?

Leptin resistance in obese humans: does it exist and what does it mean?

“…10,14 This has been clearly demonstrated in animal studies in which a range of factors which acutely affect leptin production are recognised. 15 Such regulatory in¯uences could also be responsible for the disproportionate response of leptin to increases in fat stores. 16 Raised leptin concentrations can also be observed in normal lean subjects.…”

Leptin levels in different forms of Chagas' disease

“…Since heart failure in chagasic patients has a different mechanism than that of idiopathic CHF, we speculate that the low leptin levels in these subjects have a cause other than simply the nutritional state. Leptin has a direct relation to sympathetic activity, and the release of this peptide is proportional to fat cell mass (13)(14)(15). This interaction between leptin and the sympathetic nervous system seems to be two-way, with leptin Concentration ranged from 5 up to 35,000 pg/mL (data from the manufacturer).…”

“…(16), and with the sympathetic nervous system inhibiting leptin release from white adipose tissue (14). Chagas' disease results in central nervous system damage and also in cardiac neuronal depopulation.…”

Effects of Spa therapy on serum leptin and adiponectin levels in patients with knee osteoarthritis

“…Finally, it remains to be clarified which of the mechanisms of action of spa therapy [11][12][13][14][15][16] may have determined the changes in plasma levels of leptin and, above all, adiponectin that we observed. One possible hypothesis is that local application of heat, by causing an increase in the internal temperature of the knee, may determine a change in serum adipocytokine levels, probably due to localized production thereof [5].…”

“…Since serum levels of leptin and adiponectin are influenced by temperature [11,12], catecholamines [13], corticosteroids [14] and TNF-α and IL-1 β [15,16], we evaluated whether Spa therapy modify plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with OA treated with a cycle of a combination of daily locally-applied mud packs and bicarbonate-sulphate mineral bath water.…”