Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in
            <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>
            : Low Oxygen Concentrations Trigger Phosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis

Tang, Yin; Hollingsworth, Rawle I.

doi:10.1128/aem.64.5.1963-1966.1998

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This stage may be very important because it could determine the observed differences in osmotic resistance of different microbial strains. Indeed, each tested strain differed from the others in its principal phospholipid: phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in L. plantarum (Linders et al, 1997); cardiolipin (CL) in L. bulgaricus (Fernandez Murga et al, 1999), phosphatidic acid (PA) in C. utilis (Abdi et al, 1999); phosphatidylcholine (PC) in S. cerevisiae (Van der Rest et al, 1995) and in B. japonicum (Tang and Hollingsworth, 1998); and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in E. coli (Di Russo et al, 1999). So, it appears that whereas membrane dominant lipids of C. utilis and L. bulgaricus are different, their osmotolerance was close.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compared tolerance to osmotic stress in various microorganisms: Towards a survival prediction test

Mille

Beney

Gervais

2005

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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The osmotic tolerance of microbial cells of different microorganisms was investigated as a function of glycerol concentration and temperatures. Cells displayed specific sensitivity to dehydration in glycerol solutions. The viability of Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli, Bradyrhizobium japonicum), Gram-positive strains (Lactobacillus plantarum, L. bulgaricus), and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis) decreased with increasing osmotic pressure. For each strain, a characteristic osmotic pressure threshold causing a loss of 40% of the population at the growth temperature was determined: 26-40 MPa for E. coli, 15-25 MPa for B. japonicum, 7-15 MPa for L. bulgaricus, 40-133 MPa for L. plantarum, 50-100 MPa for S. cerevisiae, and 15-26 MPa for C. utilis. Because this threshold varies with temperature, it was possible to construct a diagram that could be helpful to the determination of the sensitivity of each strain to osmotic stress as a function of osmotic pressure and temperature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compared tolerance to osmotic stress in various microorganisms: Towards a survival prediction test

Mille

Beney

Gervais

2005

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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“…It is possible that this may be due a bias in nutrient availability in the complex culture medium required for growth of this organism. Some other PC‐producing bacteria have the ability to modulate membrane phospholipid expression in response to environmental conditions (Tang and Hollingsworth, 1998; Hanada et al ., 2001; Russell et al ., 2002). This phenomenon is distinct from the phase‐variable expression of phosphocholine in H. influenzae , which is produced from the LicC and LicA activity of this organism (Weiser et al ., 1997) but is consistent with the hypothesis that production of PC or phosphocholine in various eukaryote‐associated bacteria is important for bacterial survival in these environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CDP‐choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Treponema denticola

Kent

Gee

Lee

et al. 2004

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryThe genomes of Treponema denticola and Treponema pallidum contain a gene, licCA , which is predicted to encode a fusion protein containing choline kinase and CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activities. Because both organisms have been reported to contain phosphatidylcholine, this raises the possibility that they use a CDP-choline pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This report shows that phosphatidylcholine is a major phospholipid in T. denticola , accounting for 35-40% of total phospholipid. This organism readily incorporated [ 14 C]choline into phosphatidylcholine, indicating the presence of a choline-dependent biosynthetic pathway. The licCA gene was cloned, and recombinant LicCA had choline kinase and CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity. The licCA gene was disrupted in T. denticola by erythromycin cassette mutagenesis, resulting in a viable mutant. This disruption completely blocked incorporation of either [ 14 C]choline or 32 Pi into phosphatidylcholine. The rate of production of another phospholipid in T. denticola , phosphatidylethanolamine, was elevated considerably in the licCA mutant, suggesting that the elevated level of this lipid compensated for the loss of phosphatidylcholine in the membranes. Thus it appears that T. denticola does contain a licCA -dependent CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.

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“…The fact that bacteria have the ability to adjust their membrane phospholipid composition in response to environmental changes [38] leads to the assumption that stretching and budding of the membrane observed in transformed B. burgdorferi spirochetes to spheres during stress conditions is due to changes in phospholipid composition of the bilayer-membrane. It is well known that several lipid species can induce drastic morphological changes of the membrane and for instance pro-duce structures with high curvature, inverse structures, or cubic phases.…”

Section: Analysis Of Membrane Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamorphosis of Borrelia burgdorferi organisms – RNA, lipid and protein composition in context with the spirochetes' shape

Al‐Robaiy

Dihazi

Kacza

et al. 2010

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme borreliosis, has the ability to undergo morphological transformation from a motile spirochetal to non-motile spherical shape when it encounters unfavorable conditions. However, little information is available on the mechanism that enables the bacterium to change its shape and whether major components of the cells--nucleic acids, proteins, lipids--are possibly modified during the process. Deducing from investigations utilizing electron microscopy, it seems that shape alteration begins with membrane budding followed by folding of the protoplasmatic cylinder inside the outer surface membrane. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that a deficiency in producing functioning periplasmic flagella did not hinder sphere formation. Further, it was shown that the spirochetes' and spheres' lipid compositions were indistinguishable. Neither phosphatidylcholine nor phosphatidylglycerol were altered by the structural transformation. In addition, no changes in differential protein expression were detected during this process. However, minimal degradation of RNA and a reduced antigen-antibody binding activity were observed with advanced age of the spheres. The results of our comparisons and the failure to generate mutants lacking the ability to convert to spheres suggest that the metamorphosis of B. burgdorferi results in a conditional reconstruction of the outer membrane. The spheres, which appear to be more resistant to unfavorable conditions and exhibit reduced immune reactivity when compared to spirochetes, might allow the B. burgdorferi to escape complete clearance and possibly ensure long-term survival in the host.

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Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Bradyrhizobium japonicum : Low Oxygen Concentrations Trigger Phosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Compared tolerance to osmotic stress in various microorganisms: Towards a survival prediction test

Compared tolerance to osmotic stress in various microorganisms: Towards a survival prediction test

A CDP‐choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Treponema denticola

Metamorphosis of Borrelia burgdorferi organisms – RNA, lipid and protein composition in context with the spirochetes' shape

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