Regulation of long-distance transport of mitochondria along microtubules

Melkov, Anna; Abdu, Uri

doi:10.1007/s00018-017-2590-1

Cited by 100 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Among these, dynein is mostly responsible for the intracellular transportation of the flagella [36]. Microtubule-based cytoskeleton functions in concert with dynein to support the transport of cargoes across the mammalian cell cytosol, including the mitochondria, chromosomes, and other cell organelles [37,38]. Dynein 1 was highly expressed in the TES of this study, and it serves as the engine to support the transport of spermatids and organelles across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis [39].…”

Section: Genes Encoding Microtubule-based Motor Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Traits of Spermatogenesis and Testicular Development in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Luo

Gao

Ding

et al. 2019

Genes

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Larimichthys crocea is an economically important marine fish in China. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying testicular development and spermatogenesis in L. crocea have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis between testes (TES) and pooled multiple tissues (PMT) (liver, spleen, heart, and kidney) from six male individuals. More than 54 million clean reads were yielded from TES and PMT libraries. After mapping to the draft genome of L. crocea, we acquired 25,787 genes from the transcriptome dataset. Expression analyses identified a total of 3853 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2194 testes-biased genes (highly expressed in the TES) and 1659 somatic-biased genes (highly expressed in the PMT). The dataset was further annotated by blasting with multi-databases. Functional genes and enrichment pathways involved in spermatogenesis and testicular development were analyzed, such as the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, cell cycle pathway, and dynein, kinesin, myosin, actin, heat shock protein (hsp), synaptonemal complex protein 2 (sycp2), doublesex-and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1), spermatogenesis-associated genes (spata), DEAD-Box Helicases (ddx), tudor domain-containing protein (tdrd), and piwi genes. The candidate genes identified by this study lay the foundation for further studies into the molecular mechanisms underlying testicular development and spermatogenesis in L. crocea.Genes 2019, 10, 958 2 of 22 remains for somatic growth; these changes eventually reduce the culture benefit of L. crocea [3] and hinder the conservation of its germplasm resources. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying reproduction regulation must be investigated, and the genes involved in gametogenesis and gonadal development must be identified, to provide a theoretical reference for further studies on the above problems in L. crocea.Directly correlated with sexual maturation and reproduction, in various animal species, including L. crocea, the testis is an essential basic component of the animal reproductive system and responsible for the production of male gametes via spermatogenesis [4]. During the process of spermatogenesis, diploid spermatogonia slowly evolve into many highly specialized spermatozoa through mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. Stringent spatial and temporal expression of genes during both transcriptional and translational processes are fundamental to ensure the precise processes of spermatogenesis [5]. Previous studies have focused on the reproductive and developmental biology of L. crocea based on anatomical/histological aspects [6,7], whereas few studies have focused on genes related to spermatogenesis and testicular development. To the best of our knowledge, only a small number of reproduction-related genes have been identified in L. crocea [8][9][10][11]. To further comprehensively explore the mol...

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Section: Genes Encoding Microtubule-based Motor Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Traits of Spermatogenesis and Testicular Development in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Luo

Gao

Ding

et al. 2019

Genes

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“…Studies have shown that MT-based cytoskeleton that appears as tracklike structures is working in concert with MT-specific motor proteins (e.g., dynein 1) to support the transport of cargoes across mammalian cell cytosol, including mitochondria, chromosomes, and numerous cell organelles (4,5,8,12,59). Thus, when the heavy chain of cytoplasmic dynein 1, a minus-end-directed MT motor complex, namely Dync1h1, was silenced in the testis in vivo, it impeded the transport of developing spermatids and other cellular organelles, such as residual bodies and phagosomes, across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle to support spermatogenesis and cell polarity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynein 1 supports spermatid transport and spermiation during spermatogenesis in the rat testis

Wen

Tang

Lui

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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In the mammalian testis, spermatogenesis is dependent on the microtubule (MT)-specific motor proteins such as dynein 1 that serve as the engine to support germ cell transport. Yet the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remain unknown. Herein, we used RNAi to knockdown dynein 1 heavy chain (Dync1h1) and an inhibitor ciliobrevin D to inactivate dynein in Sertoli cells in vitro and the testis in vivo, thereby probing the role of dynein 1 in spermatogenesis. Both treatments were shown to induce extensively disruption of MT organization across Sertoli cells in vitro and the testis in vivo. These changes also perturbed the transport of spermatids and other organelles (such as phagosomes) across the epithelium. These changes thus led to disruption of spermatogenesis. Interestingly, the knockdown of dynein 1 or its inactivation by ciliobrevin D also perturbed gross disruption of F-actin across the Sertoli cells in vitro and the seminiferous epithelium in vivo, illustrating there are cross-talks between the two cytoskeletons. In summary, these findings confirm the role of dynein 1 to support the transport of spermatids and organelles across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis.

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“…6M ). Interestingly, while microtubules and their motors have been established as important factors for mitochondrial transport 40 , emerging evidence indicates that mitochondria interact with the actin cytoskeleton in many cell types 41-43 . Although we could track single mitochondria and measure their velocity by live imaging, the motors involved in their transport through iTNTs, as well as the motors involved in the transport of the different vesicular structures, remain to be identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of TNTs using Correlative Cryo-Electron Microscopy Reveals a Novel Structure

Sartori-Rupp

Cervantes

Pepe

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The harmonious orchestration of intercellular communication is essential for multicellular organisms. One mechanism by which cells communicate is through long, actin-rich membranous protrusions, called tunneling nanotubes, that allow for the intercellular transport of various cargoes, including viruses, organelles, and proteins between the cytoplasm of distant cells in vitro and in vivo. Over the last decade, studies have focused on their functional role but information regarding their structure and the differences with other cellular protrusions such as filopodia, is still lacking.Here, we report the structural characterization of tunneling nanotubes using correlative light-and cryo-electron microscopy approaches. We demonstrate their structural identity compared to filopodia by showing that they are comprised of a bundle of functional individual Tunneling Nanotubes containing membrane-bound compartments and allowing organelle transfer. effectively improved our understanding of these novel structures and underscored their role in cellto-cell communication, facilitating the bi-and uni-directional transfer of compounds between cells, including: organelles, pathogens, ions, genetic material, and misfolded proteins 5 . Altogether, in vitro and in vivo evidence has shown that TNTs can be involved in many different processes such as stem cell differentiation, tissue regeneration, neurodegenerative disorders, immune response, and cancer 2,6-11 .Although these in vitro and in vivo studies have been informative, the structural complexity of TNTs remains largely unknown. As a result, TNTs have been regarded with skepticism by one part of the scientific community 5,12 . Two major issues that remain to be clarified are whether these protrusions are different from other previously studied cellular processes such as filopodia 13 and whether their function in allowing the exchange of cargos between distant cells is due to direct communication between the cytoplasm of distant cells or to a classic exo-endocytosis process or a trogocytosis event 14 .Addressing these questions has been difficult due to considerable technical challenges in preserving the ultrastructure of TNTs for electron microscopy (EM) studies. To date, the ultrastructure of TNTs using Scanning and Transmission EM (SEM and TEM, respectively) has only been analyzed in a handful of articles 1,15-18 .Although very similar under fluorescence microscopy (FM), TNT formation appears to be oppositely regulated by the same actin modifiers that act on filopodia 19 . Furthermore, filopodia have not been shown to allow cargo transfer 13,20,21 . Thus, we hypothesize that TNTs might be different organelles from filopodia and display structural differences in morphology and actin architecture.In order to compare the ultrastructure and actin architecture of TNTs and filopodia at high resolution and ensure that the structures identified by TEM/SEM represent the functional units observed by FM, we employed a combination of live imaging, correlative light-and cryo-electron tomog...

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Regulation of long-distance transport of mitochondria along microtubules

Cited by 100 publications

References 120 publications

Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Traits of Spermatogenesis and Testicular Development in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Traits of Spermatogenesis and Testicular Development in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Dynein 1 supports spermatid transport and spermiation during spermatogenesis in the rat testis

Mapping of TNTs using Correlative Cryo-Electron Microscopy Reveals a Novel Structure

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