Regulation of Mammary Development and Lactation

Neville, Margaret C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3688-4_4

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…An increase in the expression of adipophilin protein and RNA were correlated with the accumulation of CLDs in the alveolar epithelial cells [25,36], indicating activation of the lipid synthesis function of these cells. The production of milk appears to be blocked by the high plasma concentration of progesterone during pregnancy [37-40]. In fact, it has been suggested that progesterone downregulates expression of the PRLR [41].…”

Section: Functional Differentiation Of the Mammary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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et al. 2007

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The transition from pregnancy to lactation is a critical event in the survival of the newborn since all the nutrient requirements of the infant are provided by milk. While milk contains numerous components, including proteins, that aid in maintaining the health of the infant, lactose and milk fat represent the critical energy providing elements of milk. Much of the research to date on mammary epithelial differentiation has focused upon expression of milk protein genes, providing a somewhat distorted view of alveolar differentiation and secretory activation. While expression of milk protein genes increases during pregnancy and at secretory activation, the genes whose expression is more tightly regulated at this transition are those that regulate lipid biosynthesis. The sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) family of transcription factors is recognized as regulating fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. We propose that SREBP1 is a critical regulator of secretory activation with regard to lipid biosynthesis, in a manner that responds to diet, and that the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt influences this process, resulting in a highly efficient lipid synthetic organ that is able to support the nutritional needs of the newborn.

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Section: Functional Differentiation Of the Mammary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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et al. 2007

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“…There is considerable evidence [106] that mammary growth in humans can be induced by prolactin in the absence of steroids. For this reason, prolactin may be very important in sustaining the growth of malignant epithelium.…”

Section: Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in understanding breast cancer: Epidemiological and biological interactions

Boyle

Leake

1988

Breast Cancer Res Tr

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Little progress has been made recently in our understanding of the epidemiology of breast cancer. While results from epidemiologic studies regarding reproductive factors remain fairly reproducible from one study to another, other associations such as that between breast cancer risk and dietary fat intake, although biologically plausible, are not consistently found in direct study of humans, while yet other associations, which appear less plausible biologically, become stronger (such as the increased risk associated with modest levels of alcohol consumption). In this paper we attempt to review the epidemiology and biology of breast cancer jointly and describe possible mechanisms of breast cancer induction, the cellular composition of the breast, the epidemiology of breast cancer, and salient biological features, and attempt to reconcile the biology and epidemiology. It becomes obvious that future progress depends on better biological thinking by epidemiologists, and vice-versa. Areas of further research are suggested and discussed, concluding that the ability to measure diet with greater precision could have an important role to play in clarifying our understanding of breast cancer.

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“…A model showing how these molecules might interact to regulate lipid synthesis is shown in Figure 4. Since prolactin is known to be a key regulator of lactation [16,17], the increase of the prolactin receptor seems likely to enhance the action of this hormone. We postulate that AKT1 enhances lipid synthesis since overexpression of the protein under the regulation of the mammary-specific promoter, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), more than doubles milk lipid content [18].…”

Section: Coordinately Expressed Regulatory Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How array analysis can help us understand complex developmental switches: molecular regulation of the initiation of lactation

Rudolph

Neville

2005

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes

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Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to describe recent results of global analyses that are beginning to provide a comprehensive picture of the complex biological switch that turns the quiescent mammary gland in the pregnant animal into an efficient milk secreting machine after birth of the young. This switch has been called secretory activation or lactogenesis II and is representative of developmental switches that initiate activity in a quiescent organ. Recent findingsMicroarray analysis of gene expression is a global approach that allows analysis of mRNA levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. Because of the massive data created a systematic approach is necessary, not only to identify changes in expression of genes that lead to the synthesis of milk components, but also to analyze changes in the tissue compartments within which the specialized proteins reside. The approach leads to generation of hypotheses about regulatory pathways and a framework for additional experiments targeted to protein interactions. While much more difficult, key studies are beginning to appear in this realm. Summary Global analysis of gene expression is a powerful tool for the generation of hypotheses about regulation of complex processes such as the initiation of lactation. When accompanied by structural and functional studies of specific genes and their products, it becomes possible to elucidate the role of specific molecular changes in activating milk secretion at parturition.

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Regulation of Mammary Development and Lactation

Cited by 32 publications

References 133 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Progress in understanding breast cancer: Epidemiological and biological interactions

How array analysis can help us understand complex developmental switches: molecular regulation of the initiation of lactation

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