1993
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041540208
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Regulation of matrix synthesis rates by the ionic and osmotic environment of articular chondrocytes

Abstract: Chondrocytes in cartilage are embedded in a matrix containing a high concentration of proteoglycans and hence of fixed negative charges. Their extracellular ionic environment is thus different from that of most cells, with extracellular Na+ being 250-350 mM and extracellular osmolality 350-450 mOsm. When chondrocytes are isolated from the matrix and incubated in standard culture medium (DMEM; osmolality 250-280 mOsm), their extracellular environment changes sharply. We incubated isolated bovine articular chond… Show more

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Cited by 270 publications
(310 citation statements)
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References 46 publications
(53 reference statements)
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“…Second, the extracellular osmolarity experienced by in situ chondrocytes has not been measured directly. Cartilage (with high fixed negative charges) contains a high concentration of free cations (mainly Na + ) and a low concentration of free anions (mainly Cl À ) compared with surrounding synovial fluid, and its interstitial osmolarity is greater with precise values determined by the local proteoglycan concentrations and the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium conditions [23,24]. As medium osmolarity increases, there is a corresponding increase in extracellular osmolarity in cartilage.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Second, the extracellular osmolarity experienced by in situ chondrocytes has not been measured directly. Cartilage (with high fixed negative charges) contains a high concentration of free cations (mainly Na + ) and a low concentration of free anions (mainly Cl À ) compared with surrounding synovial fluid, and its interstitial osmolarity is greater with precise values determined by the local proteoglycan concentrations and the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium conditions [23,24]. As medium osmolarity increases, there is a corresponding increase in extracellular osmolarity in cartilage.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An alternative would be to use sodium chloride to increase the osmolarity of the solutions because it has similar, but not identical, effects on matrix synthesis rates compared with sucrose when used at identical osmolarities [24]. The small difference is the result of differential effects of sucrose and sodium on intracellular composition [24].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The precise cellular pathways by which mechanical load is transduced and how cells respond to matrix (ECM) changes in their proximate environment is poorly understood. [23][24][25][26][27][28] Apart from a direct impact on the cytoskeleton, 29 mechanical disc loading causes alterations in matrix osmolarity due to in-and efflux of water. 30,31 In this context, it has been proposed that osmolarity changes within the cell-surrounding matrix are at least partially responsible for maintaining a balanced disc/ECM metabolism.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, characterization of the shape and volume of growth plate chondrocytes is of utmost importance in understanding the role of the chondrocyte membrane deformation in signal transduction. Furthermore, cell volume regulation has been previously shown to influence matrix synthesis in cartilaginous tissue and would consequently have a significant impact on the integrity of the extracellular matrix, [20][21][22] suggesting that chondrocytic enlargement and matrix synthesis are strongly correlated. 15 Conventional histology and stereological techniques combined with chemical fixation have been used to characterize two-and three-dimensional growth plate morphometric parameters in different animal species both at tissue and cell levels.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%