Regulation of mesenchymal signaling in palatal mucosa differentiation

Abstract

Epithelial differentiation is thought to be determined by mesenchymal components during embryogenesis. In mice, palatal mucosa showed the region-specific keratinization pattern along antero-posterior axis. However, developmental mechanisms involved in oral mucosa differentiation with fine tuning of keratinization are not elucidated yet. To reveal this developmental mechanism, first, we conducted tissue recombination assay of the palate at E16 for 2 days which revealed that epithelial differentiation with specific localization of CK10 is modulated by mesenchymal components. Based on the results, we propose that mesenchymal signaling would determine the presumptive fate of developing palatal epithelium in spatiotemporal manner. Genome-wide screening analysis using laser micro-dissection to collect spatiotemporal specific molecules between anterior and posterior palate suggested Meox2 in the posterior mesenchymal tissue to be a candidate regulator controlling epithelial differentiation. To examine the detailed spatiotemporal function of Meox2, we employed in vitro organ cultivation with the loss- and gain-of-function studies at E14.5 for 2 and 4 days, respectively. Our results suggest that posteriorly expressed Meox2 modulates non-keratinized epithelial differentiation through complex signaling regulations in mice palatogenesis.

Spontaneous Palatal Cleft Closure

“…The conglomeration of the programed concurrent and sequential gene expression patterns of CD44, PDGFC, IRF6, TGFBeta3, TWIST, MSX1, PVRL1, TBX22, FGFR1, SATB2, and RUNX1 presents enormous challenges in dissecting the roles of individual genes in fusing the medial edge epithelia of embryonic elevated palatal shelves in the midline (Sperber and Sperber, 2018). Many studies have been devoted to exploring the unfolding phenomena of palatogenesis (Fitchett and Hay, 1989; Bush and Jiang, 2012; Neupane et al, 2018).…”