Regulation of nodule number by GmNORK is dependent on expression of GmNIC in soybean

Wang, Lijun; Deng, Lingwei; Bai, Xue; Jiao, Yongqing; Cao, Yangrong; Wu, Yufeng

doi:10.1007/s10457-019-00382-8

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This dual nature allows RLKs to perceive external signals, such as nod factors, and transmit them to the cell by phosphorylating downstream proteins [108]. The precise mechanisms by which NORKs transmit these signals are still being investigated, but they are believed to interact with other proteins and enzymes to relay nod factor signals into the cell [109]. Research has shown that genetic mutations that disrupt the function of NORKs result in impaired nodulation in legumes.…”

Section: Nodulation Receptor Kinases (Norks)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Are Potential Options for Mitigating Climate Change

Abd-Alla,

Al-Amri,

El-Enany

2023

Agriculture

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This review article explores the impact of nitrogen fertilizers on the symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium bacteria and legume plants. Nitrogen fixation has the potential to address the global protein shortage by increasing nitrogen supply in agriculture. However, the excessive use of synthetic fertilizers has led to environmental consequences and high energy consumption. To promote sustainable agriculture, alternative approaches such as biofertilizers that utilize biological nitrogen fixation have been introduced to minimize ecological impact. Understanding the process of biological nitrogen fixation, where certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, is crucial for sustainable agriculture. This knowledge helps reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers and maintain soil fertility. The symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium bacteria and leguminous plants plays a vital role in sustainable agriculture by facilitating access to atmospheric nitrogen, improving soil fertility, and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. To achieve optimal nitrogen fixation and plant growth, it is important to effectively manage nitrogen availability, soil conditions, and environmental stressors. Excessive nitrogen fertilization can negatively affect the symbiotic association between plants and rhizobia, resulting in reduced soil health, altered mutualistic relationships, and environmental concerns. Various techniques can be employed to enhance symbiotic efficiency by manipulating chemotaxis, which is the ability of rhizobia to move towards plant roots. Plant-specific metabolites called (iso)flavonoids play a crucial role in signaling and communication between legume plants and rhizobia bacteria, initiating the symbiotic relationship and enhancing nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application can disrupt the communication between rhizobia and legumes, impacting chemotaxis, root exudation patterns, nodulation, and the symbiotic relationship. High levels of nitrogen fertilizers can inhibit nitrogenase, a critical enzyme for plant growth, leading to reduced nitrogenase activity. Additionally, excessive nitrogen can compromise the energy demands of nitrogen fixation, resulting in decreased nitrogenase activity. This review discusses the disadvantages of using nitrogenous fertilizers and the role of symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation in reducing the need for these fertilizers. By using effective rhizobial strains with compatible legume cultivars, not only can the amounts of nitrogenous fertilizers be reduced, but also the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions associated with their manufacturing and application. This approach offers benefits in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and saving energy. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the impact of nitrogen fertilizers on the symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium and legume plants. It also discusses potential strategies for sustainable agricultural practices. By managing nitrogen fertilizers carefully and improving our understanding of the symbiotic relationship, we can contribute to sustainable agriculture and minimize environmental impact.

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Section: Nodulation Receptor Kinases (Norks)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Are Potential Options for Mitigating Climate Change

Abd-Alla,

Al-Amri,

El-Enany

2023

Agriculture

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“…Many key genes involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation have been identified. After recognizing Nod factors, NFRs can induce the expression of genes encoding leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) such as Symbiosis receptor kinase (LjSYMRK) from Lotus japonicus (Demchenko et al, 2004), DOES NOT MAKE INFECTION 2 (MtDMI2) from Medicago truncatula (Limpens et al, 2005), and Nodulation receptor kinase (GmNORK) from soybean (Indrasumunar et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2020b), which leads to the activation of downstream gene DMI3, encoding the intracellular calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) (Rival et al, 2012). CCaMK can phosphorylate the transcription factor CYCLOPS and then activate the expression of its downstream target gene NIN (Nodule induction) (Cerri et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GmTOC1b inhibits nodulation by repressing GmNIN2a and GmENOD40-1 in soybean

Zhang

Cheng²,

Liao³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an important factor affecting the yield and quality of leguminous crops. Nodulation is regulated by a complex network comprising several transcription factors. Here, we functionally characterized the role of a TOC1 family member, GmTOC1b, in soybean (Glycine max) nodulation. RT-qPCR assays showed that GmTOC1b is constitutively expressed in soybean. However, GmTOC1b was also highly expressed in nodules, and GmTOC1 localized to the cell nucleus, based on transient transformation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Homozygous Gmtoc1b mutant plants exhibited increased root hair curling and produced more infection threads, resulting in more nodules and greater nodule fresh weight. By contrast, GmTOC1b overexpression inhibited nodulation. Furthermore, we also showed that GmTOC1b represses the expression of nodulation-related genes including GmNIN2a and GmENOD40-1 by binding to their promoters. We conclude that GmTOC1b functions as a transcriptional repressor to inhibit nodulation by repressing the expression of key nodulation-related genes including GmNIN2a, GmNIN2b, and GmENOD40-1 in soybean.

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Effect of different Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants on physiological and agronomic traits of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) associated with different expression of nodulation genes

Szczerba,

Płażek,

Kopeć

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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The aim of this work was to check the effects of five Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants from different producers on growth, photochemical efficiency, nitrate reductase activity, amount of hydrogen peroxide, activity of catalase, non-specific peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, seed yield, and nodulation of soybean cv. ‘Malaga’. We also evaluated expression of such nodulation genes as NIC1 , NOD21 , and NORKb . The following inoculants were used: Nitragina IUNG, Nitragina Biofood, Nitroflora Mycoflor, Rhizobium Bio-Gen, and HiStick ® Soy . The study was carried out on plants grown in pots in an open foil tunnel or glasshouse conditions. Experimental seeds were inoculated before sowing, while the control ones were not. Physiological and biochemical analyses involved the leaves, and gene expression was investigated in the roots. The bacterial inoculants significantly affected individual parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence. The highest photochemical efficiency was induced by Nitroflora Mycoflor, which also activated nitrate reductase to the greatest extent. Nitragina IUNG most strongly stimulated accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, facilitated formation of the greatest number of nodules, and improved seed yield per plant in comparison with the control and other inoculants. Of the studied nodulation genes, NIC1 showed the strongest expression following HiStick ® Soy treatment. Nitragina Biofood and Nitragina IUNG most significantly reduced the expression of all studied genes. Expression of NOD21 and NORKb exposed to other inoculants was the same as in the control plants. High content of hydrogen peroxide can be considered a marker of the inoculant ability to increase nodulation and yield of soybean. Commercial preparations containing the same amount of B. japonicum but different carriers of bacteria show different ability to form root nodules, and their differential impact on yield is related to the intensity of nodulation and expression of the Nod genes.

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Regulation of nodule number by GmNORK is dependent on expression of GmNIC in soybean

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Enhancing Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Are Potential Options for Mitigating Climate Change

Enhancing Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Are Potential Options for Mitigating Climate Change

GmTOC1b inhibits nodulation by repressing GmNIN2a and GmENOD40-1 in soybean

Effect of different Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants on physiological and agronomic traits of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) associated with different expression of nodulation genes

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