Regulation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) in Drinking Water: A Comprehensive Review

Pontius, Frederick W.

doi:10.3390/w11102003

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Such compounds are widely used in everyday life, for example in adhesives, polishes, paints, waxes, textiles, in stain/water/grease repellents in carpets and clothing or in cooking utensils such as non-stick coatings [7][8][9]. In addition, former research suggests that the impact of exposure from consumer products is usually lower than the impact of exposure to contaminated drinking water or food, such as fish [10,11]. Generally, PFASs accumulate in the human body and their levels decrease slowly over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphenated High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Determination of Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances in Lombardia Region in Italy, Profile Levels and Assessment: One Year of Monitoring Activities During 2018

et al. 2020

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In this research paper, we report a hyphenated technique based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of twelve Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances in surface and groundwater samples from Lombardia Region during the monitoring activities in 2018 as new emerging and toxic pollutants. A green analytic method, developed by using an online Solid Phase Extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS and previously validated, was applied for 4992 determinations conducted on 416 samples from 109 different sampling stations. Among the results, PFOS, PFOA, PFBA, PFBS, PFPeA and PFHxA were identified as the most abundant analytes detected. PFASs concentrations, in most cases, were below the limits of quantification and, in the cases where the limits of quantification have been exceeded, the values found were lower than Italy directive. PFOS is an exception and in fact this compound was detected in 76% of analyzed samples (surface and ground waters). Solid phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem Mass Spectrometry has proved to be a very good Hyphenated techniques able to detect low concentrations of pollutants in surface and groundwater samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphenated High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Determination of Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances in Lombardia Region in Italy, Profile Levels and Assessment: One Year of Monitoring Activities During 2018

et al. 2020

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“…PFOA, PFOS, PFBA, PFHxS and other PFAS Reservoir for products containing PFAS chemicals that undergo decomposition, disposal of waste during primary and secondary manufacturing process using PFAS[15,18,19] Printing/paper product production PFOA, PFOS, PFBA and other PFAS Surface coatings to repel grease and moisture[13,20] Wastewater treatment PFOA, PFOS, PFBA and Application of treated wastewater especially in agricultural lands water from manufacturing, industrial and household[15,17,[21][22][23][24] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems: Environmental Exposure and Human Health Risks

Jha

Kankarla

Mclennon

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent synthetic organic contaminants that can cause serious human health concerns such as obesity, liver damage, kidney cancer, hypertension, immunotoxicity and other human health issues. Integrated crop–livestock systems combine agricultural crop production with milk and/or meat production and processing. Key sources of PFAS in these systems include firefighting foams near military bases, wastewater sludge and industrial discharge. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances regularly move from soils to nearby surface water and/or groundwater because of their high mobility and persistence. Irrigating crops or managing livestock for milk and meat production using adjacent waters can be detrimental to human health. The presence of PFAS in both groundwater and milk have been reported in dairy production states (e.g., Wisconsin and New Mexico) across the United States. Although there is a limit of 70 parts per trillion of PFAS in drinking water by the U.S. EPA, there are not yet regional screening guidelines for conducting risk assessments of livestock watering as well as the soil and plant matrix. This systematic review includes (i) the sources, impacts and challenges of PFAS in integrated crop–livestock systems, (ii) safety measures and protocols for sampling soil, water and plants for determining PFAS concentration in exposed integrated crop–livestock systems and (iii) the assessment, measurement and evaluation of human health risks related to PFAS exposure.

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“…and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). In 2016, the United States environmental protection agency released the lifetime health advisory levels of 70 ng/L for the total concentration of PFOS and PFOA in drinking water; such a low threshold indicates substantial public health concerns (Pontius 2019). However, some states in the USA like California, Vermont, and Minnesota adopted levels of 13, 20, 27 ng/L for PFOS and 14, 20, 35 ng/L for PFOA, respectively (Pontius 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2016, the United States environmental protection agency released the lifetime health advisory levels of 70 ng/L for the total concentration of PFOS and PFOA in drinking water; such a low threshold indicates substantial public health concerns (Pontius 2019). However, some states in the USA like California, Vermont, and Minnesota adopted levels of 13, 20, 27 ng/L for PFOS and 14, 20, 35 ng/L for PFOA, respectively (Pontius 2019). While regulatory guidelines and limits vary across countries, published values for PFOA and PFOS concentration are consistently among the lowest for any chemical compound (Pontius 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry, abundance, detection and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water: a review

et al. 2021

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a wide range of compounds containing carbon-fluorine bonds. Due the strength of this bond and the high electronegativity of fluorine atoms, PFAS display stability, wettability and other characteristics that are unique for industrial applications and products. However, PFAS induce adverse effects on the environment and human health. Here we review the chemistry, synthesis, properties, analysis, occurrence in water, filtration, removal and oxydation of PFAS. We highlight emerging hybrid treatments to remove PFAS from water.

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Regulation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) in Drinking Water: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 45 publications

References 89 publications

Hyphenated High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Determination of Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances in Lombardia Region in Italy, Profile Levels and Assessment: One Year of Monitoring Activities During 2018

Hyphenated High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Determination of Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances in Lombardia Region in Italy, Profile Levels and Assessment: One Year of Monitoring Activities During 2018

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems: Environmental Exposure and Human Health Risks

Chemistry, abundance, detection and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water: a review

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