Regulation of phospholipase D by P2X7 receptors in submandibular ductal cells

P2X7 receptors regulate multiple types of membrane trafficking responses and non-classical secretion pathways

“…The first mechanism involves a P2X7R-mediated activation of phospholipase D that facilitates maturation and fusion of the mycobacteria/ chlamydia-containing phagosomes with lysosomes [50]. As noted previously, P2X7R-dependent activation of phospholipase D and A 2 has been described in several cell types including macrophages [48,58,[61][62][63]. Although this P2X7R→PLD pathway clearly contributes to the phagosomal maturation and microbiocidal effects stimulated by extracellular ATP, additional purinergic receptors are involved given the differential microbiocidal actions of ATP versus BzATP [58].…”

P2X4ou P2X7

“…Il est maintenant bien établi que les récepteurs P2X 7 régulent le métabolisme des phospholipides et activent les phospholipases A 2 et D (PLA 2 et PLD) [24,25]. Le méca-nisme de couplage entre le récepteur P2X 7 et l'activation de PLA 2 implique probablement une MAP kinase.…”

“…Le méca-nisme de couplage entre le récepteur P2X 7 et l'activation de PLA 2 implique probablement une MAP kinase. Quant à l'activation de la PLD, elle dépend du niveau de calcium, ainsi que de la stimulation de la PLA 2 et de la protéine kinase C (PKC) [25,26]. L'activation des récepteurs P2X 7 augmente aussi la concentration de céramides dans les glandes sous-maxillaires de rat suite à l'activation d'une …”

Lipid metabolism modulation by the P2X7 receptor in the immune system and during the course of infection: new insights into the old view

“…Moreover, the activation of PLD by P2X7R was partially dependent on calcium [32]. However, the use of calcium ionophores or the release of calcium stores by thapsigargin could not fully reproduce P2X7R signaling, and the involved signaling pathway was described as being associated with recruitment of different kinases, such as, PKC [35][36][37] or tyrosine kinase [35].…”

“…Later, the activation of P2X7R was directly associated with several cellular pathways, including the following: caspase-1 activation [18] and IL-1β maturation [19]; shedding of membrane proteins [20]; recruitment and activation of protein kinases, such as, the mitogen-activated protein kinase [21], protein kinase C (PKC) [22], Src [23], and glycogen synthase kinase 3 [24]; recruitment and activation of phosphatases [15]; and membrane blebbing via the activity of ROCK [25] and the activation of epithelial membrane proteins [26]. Despite this wide assortment of functions, this review will focus on the ability of P2X7R to modulate lipid pathways through the activation of different enzymes, such as, phospholipase A 2 (PLA2) [27,28], phospholipase C (PLC) [29][30][31], phospholipase D (PLD) [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], and sphingomyelinases [27,36]. Additionally, it will discuss how these enzymes modify arachidonic acid and its analogues [40][41][42][43][44] as well as ceramides [27,45,46].…”