Regulation of Phytohormone Biosynthesis and Accumulation in Arabidopsis Following Treatment with Commercial Extract from the Marine Macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum

Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants

“…Cytokinins and cytokinin-like compounds are the most widely reported in seaweed extracts, followed by auxins and auxin-like compounds (Stirk et al 2003;Khan et al 2009;Craigie 2011), and these have often been speculated to be responsible for the plant growth enhancing effects of the extracts (Khan et al 2009;Craigie 2011). (Wally et al 2013) determined the phytohormone concentrations in 12 seaweed extracts from different sources by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) and concluded that the phytohormone levels present in seaweed extracts were insufficient to cause significant effects in plants when applied at the recommended rates. However, using phytohormone biosynthetic and insensitive mutants of Arabidopsis mutants coupled with transcript analysis they showed that "alteration in plant phenotype following seaweed extract application results from a modulation of biosynthesis, quantity, and ratios of the endogenously produced cytokinins, auxins and abscisic acid metabolites, rather than from the exogenous phyohormones present within the extracts themselves" (Wally et al 2013).…”

“…(Wally et al 2013) determined the phytohormone concentrations in 12 seaweed extracts from different sources by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) and concluded that the phytohormone levels present in seaweed extracts were insufficient to cause significant effects in plants when applied at the recommended rates. However, using phytohormone biosynthetic and insensitive mutants of Arabidopsis mutants coupled with transcript analysis they showed that "alteration in plant phenotype following seaweed extract application results from a modulation of biosynthesis, quantity, and ratios of the endogenously produced cytokinins, auxins and abscisic acid metabolites, rather than from the exogenous phyohormones present within the extracts themselves" (Wally et al 2013). They observed increases in concentrations of cytokinins and abscisic acid and their metabolites in leaf tissue and decreases in auxin concentrations following treatment with seaweed extract.…”

The Influence of Bioproducts on Mycorrhizal Occurrence and Diversity in the Rhizosphere of Strawberry Plants under Controlled Conditions

“…plant hormone-like substances, enzymes, vitamins, etc.) that strongly interact with the physiology of the plant and stimulate plant growth and yielding, also increasing plant resistance to environmental and biotic stresses [5]- [7]. These products have also positive effects on soil biota, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [8] [9].…”

Enteromorpha intestinalis Derived Seaweed Liquid Fertilizers as Prospective Biostimulant for Glycine max

“…Seaweeds have been exploited their ability to enhance seed germination; they impart resistance to frost, fungal and insect attack and increase nutrient uptake from soil (Venkataraman 1993;Mohan 1994). Bioassays to evaluate the growth promoting effect of seaweed extracts have shown that the beneficial effect of these extracts are due to synergetic effect of plant growth-promoting substances or hormones present in seaweeds (Williams et al 1981;Tay et al 1985;Mooney and van Staden 1986;Rayorath et al 2008;Khan et al 2009;Wally et al 2013;Jannin et al 2013). Marine seaweeds are rich in potassium and contain many growth promoters such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and are also used as good soil conditioners.…”