Regulation of Plant Glycine Decarboxylase by<i>S</i>-Nitrosylation and Glutathionylation

Palmieri, Maddalena; Lindermayr, Christian; Bauwe, Hermann; Steinhauser, Clara; Durner, Joerg

doi:10.1104/pp.109.152579

Cited by 208 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…The GDC is highly susceptible to reactive oxygen since ROS accelerate carbonylation or S-glutathionylation, processes known to downregulate GDC activity (Taylor et al, 2002(Taylor et al, , 2004Palmieri et al, 2010;Lounifi et al, 2013). We believe that this type of GDC modification is caused by increased oxidative stress in er-ant1 plants as demonstrated by various indicators: (1) elevated H 2 O 2 and superoxide levels, (2) stimulated catalase and SOD activities, and (3) increased GSH levels (Figures 5A to 5D; see Supplemental Figure 6 online).…”

Section: Oxidative Modification Mainly Causes the Reduced Gdc Activitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cys side chains can be oxidized to disulfides, different sulfur oxoacids, mixed disulfides with other thiols, or become nitrosylated. ROS inhibit plant GDCs (Taylor et al, 2002), and posttranslational Cys modifications (S-glutathionylation/Snitrosylation) are involved in the oxidative downregulation of GDCs (Palmieri et al, 2010).…”

Section: Gdc From Er-ant1 Mutants Exhibits Oxidative Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because GDC is highly sensitive to attack by ROS (Taylor et al, 2002;Palmieri et al, 2010), we investigated ROS production in er-ant1 mutant plants as another possible cause for GDC inhibition. For this, plants were first grown for 4 weeks under high CO 2 (to assure similar development; see Figure 2B) and subsequently cultivated for five additional days under either high CO 2 (2%) or control CO 2 levels (380 ppm Similar to the situation in ambient CO 2 , growth of both er-ant1 plant lines under high CO 2 led again to increased H 2 O 2 levels when compared with the wild type, namely, 285 nmol g 21 FW in er-ant1-1 and 348 nmol g 21 FW in er-ant1-2 (see Supplemental Figure 6D online).…”

Section: Er-ant1 Mutants Show Elevated Levels Of Ros and Increased Romentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glutathionylation is an important posttranslational modification responsible for the reduction of GDC activity in plant mitochondria (Palmieri et al, 2010). Thus, to compare GDC glutathionylation of wild-type and er-ant1 plants, we investigated activity changes induced by deglutathionylation due to application of the regenerating glutaredoxin system (Peltoniemi et al, 2006;Bedhomme et al, 2012).…”

Section: Gdc From Er-ant1 Mutants Exhibits Oxidative Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Endoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria: Absence of the Arabidopsis ATP Antiporter Endoplasmic Reticulum Adenylate Transporter1 Perturbs Photorespiration

Hoffmann¹,

Plocharski²,

Haferkamp³

et al. 2013

The Plant Cell

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The carrier Endoplasmic Reticulum Adenylate Transporter1 (ER-ANT1) resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and acts as an ATP/ADP antiporter. Mutant plants lacking ER-ANT1 exhibit a dwarf phenotype and their seeds contain reduced protein and lipid contents. In this study, we describe a further surprising metabolic peculiarity of the er-ant1 mutants. Interestingly, Gly levels in leaves are immensely enhanced (263) when compared with that of wild-type plants. Gly accumulation is caused by significantly decreased mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase (GDC) activity. Reduced GDC activity in mutant plants was attributed to oxidative posttranslational protein modification induced by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). GDC activity is crucial for photorespiration; accordingly, morphological and physiological defects in er-ant1 plants were nearly completely abolished by application of high environmental CO 2 concentrations. The latter observation demonstrates that the absence of ER-ANT1 activity mainly affects photorespiration (maybe solely GDC), whereas basic cellular metabolism remains largely unchanged. Since ER-ANT1 homologs are restricted to higher plants, it is tempting to speculate that this carrier fulfils a plant-specific function directly or indirectly controlling cellular ROS production. The observation that ER-ANT1 activity is associated with cellular ROS levels reveals an unexpected and critical physiological connection between the ER and other organelles in plants.

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Section: Oxidative Modification Mainly Causes the Reduced Gdc Activitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gdc From Er-ant1 Mutants Exhibits Oxidative Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Er-ant1 Mutants Show Elevated Levels Of Ros and Increased Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gdc From Er-ant1 Mutants Exhibits Oxidative Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Endoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria: Absence of the Arabidopsis ATP Antiporter Endoplasmic Reticulum Adenylate Transporter1 Perturbs Photorespiration

Hoffmann¹,

Plocharski²,

Haferkamp³

et al. 2013

The Plant Cell

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“…Th e H protein (GCSH) with bound lipoic acid functions as a shuttle for some intermediate reaction products and interacts with other enzymes of the system. Involvement of GCS in plant defense response has been presumed, as its inhibition induced the production of ROS (Palmieri et al, 2010). GCSH level decreased in A. thaliana infected by Botrytis cinerea (Mulema et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentially expressed genes in healthy and plum pox virus-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants

Vozárová¹,

Žilová²,

Šubr³

2015

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Summary. -Viruses use both material and energy sources of their hosts and redirect the production of disposable compounds in order to make viral replication more effi cient. Metabolism of infected organisms is modifi ed by these enhanced requirements as well by their own defense response. Resulting complex story consists of many regulation events on various gene expression levels. Elucidating these processes may contribute to the knowledge on virus-host interactions and to evolving new antiviral strategies. In our work we applied a subtractive cloning technique to compare the transcriptomes of healthy and plum pox virus (PPV)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Several genes were found to be induced or repressed by the PPV infection. Th e induced genes were mainly related to general stress response or photosynthesis, several repressed genes could be connected with growth defects evoked by the infection. Interestingly, some genes usually up-regulated by fungal or bacterial infection were found repressed in PPV-infected plants. Potential involvement of particular diff erently expressed genes in the process of PPV infection is discussed.Keywords: virus-host interaction; gene expression; subtractive hybridization * Corresponding author. E-mail: virusubr@savba.sk; phone: +421-2-59302447. Abbreviations: APX = ascorbate peroxidase; CAB = chlorophyll a/b-binding protein; DSPP = dentin sialophosphoprotein; FRL = Frigida-like protein; GCS = glycine cleavage system; HMGB = high mobility group B protein; JA = jasmonic acid; MLP = major latex protein; MT = metallothionein; PI-PLC = phosphoinositide-specifi c phospholipase C; PPV = plum pox virus; PRG = photosynthesis-related gene; PS II = photosystem II; ROS = reactive oxygen species; SNS = S-norcoclaurine synthase; SUMO = small ubiquitin-related modifi er; TLP = tetraspanin-like protein; Ub = ubiquitin

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Oxidative Stress and Redox Signalling in Plants

Hancock

2016

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Cell signalling is a critically important aspect of biology, being the mechanism by which organisms, tissues and cells coordinate their activity and survive environmental change and stress. Numerous biomolecules are involved but small reactive compounds known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are key players in this intricate network of signalling. Such compounds are inherently toxic, with increased ROS leading to a condition known as oxidative stress. However, in plants, numerous physiological responses are modulated by the presence of ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and RNS, such as nitric oxide (NO), including root growth, stomatal closure and cell death. Proteins such as kinases, phosphatases and metabolic enzymes are able to be controlled by the presence of H 2 O 2 and NO. Often, thiol groups on proteins are the target for modulation, but the presence and interactions with other redox compounds such as glutathione also need to be considered. Key Concepts Stress responses in plants often lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO). Cells maintain an internal environment which is very reducing, and if this is disrupted, for example by the addition of oxidising compounds, the result is known as oxidative stress. The presence of ROS is a main way to enhance oxidative stress conditions. ROS such as H 2 O 2 , as well as NO, are made in plants by dedicated enzymes, and there are mechanisms for the removal of these biomolecules too, such as through the action of antioxidants. Many physiological functions use ROS and RNS as part of their control mechanisms, including germination, root development, stomatal closure and programmed cell death. ROS and RNS are both known to modulate levels of gene expression, such that some genes are expressed to a higher extent, while expression for others is reduced. ROS and RNS can modulate the activity of proteins such as MAP kinases, phosphatases and metabolic enzymes. The covalent modification of thiol groups in proteins is a key way for ROS and RNS to partake in cell signalling, to alter protein function. Dedicated redox proteins such as thioredoxin are instrumental in the control of redox signalling in cells. Cell signalling involving ROS and RNS should not be considered in isolation, but the impact of other compounds such as glutathione and hydrogen sulfide also needs to be considered.

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Regulation of Plant Glycine Decarboxylase byS-Nitrosylation and Glutathionylation

Cited by 208 publications

References 87 publications

From Endoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria: Absence of the Arabidopsis ATP Antiporter Endoplasmic Reticulum Adenylate Transporter1 Perturbs Photorespiration

From Endoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria: Absence of the Arabidopsis ATP Antiporter Endoplasmic Reticulum Adenylate Transporter1 Perturbs Photorespiration

Differentially expressed genes in healthy and plum pox virus-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants

Oxidative Stress and Redox Signalling in Plants

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