Regulation of plant root system architecture: implications for crop advancement

Rogers, Eric D.; Benfey, Philip N.

doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.015

Cited by 348 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…While wild-type plants responded to osmotic stress by increasing their root to shoot ratio, the ratio in amy3 bam1 remained unchanged compared with nonstress conditions ( Figure 2F). Adjustment of root growth under stress is an important survival strategy, allowing plants to expand the root (at the expense of shoot growth) to increase nutrient and water uptake capacity (Wu and Cosgrove, 2000;Rogers and Benfey, 2015;Roycewicz and Malamy, 2012). Our results are consistent with these observations and reveal a function of starch degradation in controlling root growth in response to osmotic stress ( Figure 9).…”

Section: A Critical Role For Starch Degradation In Osmotic Stress Tolsupporting

confidence: 81%

Regulation of Leaf Starch Degradation by Abscisic Acid Is Important for Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

et al. 2016

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Starch serves functions that range over a timescale of minutes to years, according to the cell type from which it is derived. In guard cells, starch is rapidly mobilized by the synergistic action of b-AMYLASE1 (BAM1) and a-AMYLASE3 (AMY3) to promote stomatal opening. In the leaves, starch typically accumulates gradually during the day and is degraded at night by BAM3 to support heterotrophic metabolism. During osmotic stress, starch is degraded in the light by stress-activated BAM1 to release sugar and sugar-derived osmolytes. Here, we report that AMY3 is also involved in stress-induced starch degradation. Recently isolated Arabidopsis thaliana amy3 bam1 double mutants are hypersensitive to osmotic stress, showing impaired root growth. amy3 bam1 plants close their stomata under osmotic stress at similar rates as the wild type but fail to mobilize starch in the leaves. 14 C labeling showed that amy3 bam1 plants have reduced carbon export to the root, affecting osmolyte accumulation and root growth during stress. Using genetic approaches, we further demonstrate that abscisic acid controls the activity of BAM1 and AMY3 in leaves under osmotic stress through the AREB/ABF-SnRK2 kinase-signaling pathway. We propose that differential regulation and isoform subfunctionalization define starch-adaptive plasticity, ensuring an optimal carbon supply for continued growth under an ever-changing environment.

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Section: A Critical Role For Starch Degradation In Osmotic Stress Tolsupporting

confidence: 81%

Regulation of Leaf Starch Degradation by Abscisic Acid Is Important for Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

et al. 2016

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“…In the taproot system, the PR becomes the central axis from which LRs branch off postembryonically in a periodic manner (Lavenus et al, 2013;Van Norman et al, 2013). In contrast, some eudicots and most monocots, including all cereal crops, possess a fibrous root system, which is multiaxial and lacks a single dominant root (Mauseth, 2008;Rogers and Benfey, 2015). Recent work has highlighted the role that water can play as a local environmental cue to promote the patterning and postemergence development of root branches.…”

Section: Water Acts As a Potent Inducer Of Branching In Root Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Out of Stress: The Role of Cell- and Organ-Scale Growth Control in Plant Water-Stress Responses

et al. 2016

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Water is the most limiting resource on land for plant growth, and its uptake by plants is affected by many abiotic stresses, such as salinity, cold, heat, and drought. While much research has focused on exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular signaling events governing water-stress responses, it is also important to consider the role organismal structure plays as a context for such responses. The regulation of growth in plants occurs at two spatial scales: the cell and the organ. In this review, we focus on how the regulation of growth at these different spatial scales enables plants to acclimate to water-deficit stress. The cell wall is discussed with respect to how the physical properties of this structure affect water loss and how regulatory mechanisms that affect wall extensibility maintain growth under water deficit. At a higher spatial scale, the architecture of the root system represents a highly dynamic physical network that facilitates access of the plant to a heterogeneous distribution of water in soil. We discuss the role differential growth plays in shaping the structure of this system and the physiological implications of such changes.

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“…RSA depends both on main root (MR) length as well as the location, number, angle and length of lateral and adventitious roots [Rogers and Benfey, 2015]. RSA is an extremely plastic trait and enables plant survival in a variable environment [Eshel, A., Beeckman, 2013, Rogers andBenfey, 2015]. Nonetheless, major parts of the basic developmental programs on which environmental factors impinge remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall root system architecture (RSA) is thus a major determinant of plant fitness [Herder et al, 2010, Eshel, A., Beeckman, 2013, Kong et al, 2014, Kochian, 2016. RSA depends both on main root (MR) length as well as the location, number, angle and length of lateral and adventitious roots [Rogers and Benfey, 2015]. RSA is an extremely plastic trait and enables plant survival in a variable environment [Eshel, A., Beeckman, 2013, Rogers andBenfey, 2015].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Root Priming Synergystically Arises from Root Growth and Auxin Transport Dynamics

2018

Preprint

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The root system is a major determinant of plant fitness. Its capacity to supply the plant with sufficient water and nutrients strongly depends on root system architecture, which arises from the repeated branching off of lateral roots. A critical first step in lateral root formation is priming, which prepatterns sites competent of forming a lateral root. Priming is characterized by temporal oscillations in auxin, auxin signalling and gene expression in the root meristem, which through growth become transformed into a spatially repetitive pattern of competent sites. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of auxin synthesis, transport and perception for the amplitude of these oscillations and their chances of producing an actual competent site. Additionally, repeated lateral root cap apoptosis was demonstrated to be strongly correlated with repetitive lateral root priming. Intriguingly, no single mutation has been identified that fully abolishes lateral root formation, and thusfar the mechanism underlying oscillations has remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of auxin reflux loop properties combined with root growth dynamics on priming, using a computational approach. To this end we developed a novel multi-scale root model incorporating a realistic root tip architecture and reflux loop properties as well as root growth dynamics. Excitingly, in this model, repetitive auxin elevations automatically emerge. First, we show that root tip architecture and reflux loop properties result in an auxin loading zone at the start of the elongation zone, with preferential auxin loading in narrow vasculature cells. Second, we demonstrate how meristematic root growth dynamics causes regular alternations in the sizes of cells arriving at the elongation zone, which subsequently become amplified during cell expansion. These cell size differences translate into differences in cellular auxin loading potential. Combined, these properties result in temporal and spatial fluctuations in auxin levels in vasculature and pericycle cells. Our model predicts that temporal priming frequency predominantly depends on cell cycle duration, while cell cycle duration together with meristem size control lateral root spacing.

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Regulation of plant root system architecture: implications for crop advancement

Cited by 348 publications

References 51 publications

Regulation of Leaf Starch Degradation by Abscisic Acid Is Important for Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Regulation of Leaf Starch Degradation by Abscisic Acid Is Important for Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Growing Out of Stress: The Role of Cell- and Organ-Scale Growth Control in Plant Water-Stress Responses

Lateral Root Priming Synergystically Arises from Root Growth and Auxin Transport Dynamics

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