Regulation of rhythmic behaviors by astrocytes

Jackson, F. Rob; You, Samantha; Crowe, Lauren B.

doi:10.1002/wdev.372

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Astrocytic calcium can in turn modulate downstream dopaminergic neuron activity and locomotor behavior in vivo [161]. Indeed, it is now apparent that astrocytes are essential for rhythmic locomotor behaviors [93,[181][182][183]. In mouse, the sensory TRPA1 Ca 2+ channel similarly maintains basal astrocytic calcium levels to facilitate constitutive D-serine release at the synapse.…”

Section: Astrocytes Shape Neuronal Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of astrocyte‐mediated plasticity in neural circuit development and function

2021

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Neuronal networks are capable of undergoing rapid structural and functional changes called plasticity, which are essential for shaping circuit function during nervous system development. These changes range from short-term modifications on the order of milliseconds, to long-term rearrangement of neural architecture that could last for the lifetime of the organism. Neural plasticity is most prominent during development, yet also plays a critical role during memory formation, behavior, and disease. Therefore, it is essential to define and characterize the mechanisms underlying the onset, duration, and form of plasticity. Astrocytes, the most numerous glial cell type in the human nervous system, are integral elements of synapses and are components of a glial network that can coordinate neural activity at a circuit-wide level. Moreover, their arrival to the CNS during late embryogenesis correlates to the onset of sensory-evoked activity, making them an interesting target for circuit plasticity studies. Technological advancements in the last decade have uncovered astrocytes as prominent regulators of circuit assembly and function. Here, we provide a brief historical perspective on our understanding of astrocytes in the nervous system, and review the latest advances on the role of astroglia in regulating circuit plasticity and function during nervous system development and homeostasis.

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Section: Astrocytes Shape Neuronal Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of astrocyte‐mediated plasticity in neural circuit development and function

2021

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“…As we have already mentioned, glutamate release is part of the signal transduction pathway which represents the basis for synchronisation by light (Albrecht, 2012; Chi‐ Castañeda and Ortega 2018; Jackson et al. 2020).…”

Section: An Astrocyte Circadian Clockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some relevant information in relation to this possibility, mostly derived from the model Drosophila melanogaster , is reviewed by Jackson and colleagues (Jackson et al. 2020). Finally, it is known that the glymphatic system, a network of perivascular spaces that contributes to movement of cerebrospinal fluid in and out of the brain, and thus also to clearance of metabolic waste, is more active during sleep.…”

Section: Astrocytes and Their Circadian Clock In Sleep‐wake Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of astrocytes in generating circadian rhythmicity in health and disease

Costa

2021

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Evidence is accumulating that the mammalian circadian clock system is considerably more complex than previously believed, also in terms of the cell types that actually contribute to generating the oscillation within the master clock, in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Here we review the evidence that has lead to the identification of a bona fide astrocytic circadian clock, and that of the potential contribution of such clock to the generation of circadian and seasonal rhythmicity in health and in neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we speculate on the role of the astrocytic clock in determining some of the clinical features of hepatic encephalopathy, a reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with advanced liver disease, which is characterized by transient, profound morphological and functional astrocytic abnormalities, in the absence of significant, structural neuronal changes.

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“…Perhaps PER is not only necessary in all clock neurons, but additionally in all glial cells for a wild-type behavior. Glial cells are still largely neglected in circadian studies, although several studies show that they play active roles in the clock (Zerr et al, 1990;Ewer et al, 1992;Ng et al, 2011;Jackson et al, 2015Jackson et al, , 2019Brancaccio et al, 2019). Future studies are warranted to test this important issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Clock Within the Main Morning and Evening Neurons of D. melanogaster Is Not Sufficient for Wild-Type Locomotor Activity Under Changing Day Length

et al. 2020

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A major challenge for all organisms that live in temperate and subpolar regions is to adapt physiology and activity to different photoperiods. A long-standing model assumes that there are morning (M) and evening (E) oscillators with different photoreceptive properties that couple to dawn and dusk, respectively, and by this way adjust activity to the different photoperiods. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, M and E oscillators have been localized to specific circadian clock neurons in the brain. Here, we investigate under different photoperiods the activity pattern of flies expressing the clock protein PERIOD (PER) only in subsets of M and E oscillators. We found that all fly lines that expressed PER only in subsets of the clock neurons had difficulties to track the morning and evening in a wild-type manner. The lack of the E oscillators advanced M activity under short days, whereas the lack of the M oscillators delayed E activity under the same conditions. In addition, we found that flies expressing PER only in subsets of clock neurons showed higher activity levels at certain times of day or night, suggesting that M and E clock neurons might inhibit activity at specific moments throughout the 24 h. Altogether, we show that the proper interaction between all clock cells is important for adapting the flies' activity to different photoperiods and discuss our findings in the light of the current literature.

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Regulation of rhythmic behaviors by astrocytes

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

The role of astrocyte‐mediated plasticity in neural circuit development and function

The role of astrocyte‐mediated plasticity in neural circuit development and function

The role of astrocytes in generating circadian rhythmicity in health and disease

A Functional Clock Within the Main Morning and Evening Neurons of D. melanogaster Is Not Sufficient for Wild-Type Locomotor Activity Under Changing Day Length

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