Regulation of Ribosomal Proteins on Viral Infection

Abstract

Ribosomal proteins (RPs), in conjunction with rRNA, are major components of ribosomes involved in the cellular process of protein biosynthesis, known as “translation”. The viruses, as the small infectious pathogens with limited genomes, must recruit a variety of host factors to survive and propagate, including RPs. At present, more and more information is available on the functional relationship between RPs and virus infection. This review focuses on advancements in my own understanding of critical roles of RPs in the life cycle of viruses. Various RPs interact with viral mRNA and proteins to participate in viral protein biosynthesis and regulate the replication and infection of virus in host cells. Most interactions are essential for viral translation and replication, which promote viral infection and accumulation, whereas the minority represents the defense signaling of host cells by activating immune pathway against virus. RPs provide a new platform for antiviral therapy development, however, at present, antiviral therapeutics with RPs involving in virus infection as targets is limited, and exploring antiviral strategy based on RPs will be the guides for further study.

Integrative Network Biology Framework Elucidates Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis

“…The mostly highly connected module pertains to eIF2 signaling, and is comprised of protein translation-related proteins such as RPS and RPLs. Indeed, these ribosomal proteins have been shown to interact with viral RNA for viral proteins biosynthesis, and are subsequently required for viral replication in the host cells 40 Noteworthy, two ribosomal proteins, RPL36 and RPS20, found to interact with several SARS-CoV-2 viral factors. Moreover, both of these proteins are also C SI S ignificant P roteins (CSPs) that harbor increased centrality measures (Fig.…”

“…It remains to be addressed whether RPS20 is a “double whammy” target of SARS-CoV-2 for (1) hijacking this important factor for viral translation and replication, and (2) suppressing a critical immune signaling pathway. Regardless, ribosomal proteins are critical targets of numerous viruses and play equally essential roles in developing antiviral therapeutics 40…”

“…Similarly, NUP98 can also be utilized for viral entry into the nucleus. Additional three CSPs in this category, RPL36 and RPS20 40, 60 as well as SRP72 61 , could be employed for viral transcription and protein synthesis (Fig. 3e).…”

Proteome Analysis of Walnut Bacterial Blight Disease

“…It is important to mention the reduced abundance of translational machinery during infection, which may be a defense mechanism against infection [ 45 ]. The large increase in plant natriuretic peptides (PNPs) during WB is potentially linked to their role in plant homeostasis, where they work as signal molecules secreted in the apoplast during infection.…”

Selective regulation in ribosome biogenesis and protein production for efficient viral translation

“…Although RPs are all synthesized in the cytoplasm, they assemble into functional subunits in different subcellular compartments (Kressler et al 2010 ; Li 2019 ). Sometimes, ribosomal proteins change their localization under virus infection to exercise functions outside the ribosome.…”