Regulation of secondary biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi

Bu’Lock, J. D.; Detroy, R. W.; Hošťálek, Z.; Munim-Al-Shakarchi, Abdul

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(74)80046-x

Cited by 103 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In this fungus, bikaverin is synthesized at the end of the balanced growth phase in media with initial high C/N ratios [5]. This observation applies to the gibberellins as well and led to the proposal that both pathways are controlled by di¡er-ential sensitivities to a common mechanism of growth-linked suppression [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nitrogen availability and production of bikaverin and gibberellins in Gibberella fujikuroi

Giordano

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Production of bikaverin and gibberellins by Gibberella fujikuroi started after depletion of the nitrogen source, but not after depletion of phosphate. Despite this similarity, the regulation of both pathways by nitrogen involved two different mechanisms. This conclusion was supported by the fact that the production of bikaverin, in contrast to the gibberellins, was not inhibited by nitrate in a mutant that could not utilize it. The different regulation of both pathways was clearly demonstrated by a mutant that overproduced bikaverin but lacked gibberellins. An optimal bikaverin production required a low pH, with a sharp drop at about pH 5. The syntheses of fungal secondary metabolites, such as bikaverin and gibberellins, are not subject to common regulation, but respond to various combinations of signals, such as nitrogen availability, nitrate and the pH of the medium. z

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nitrogen availability and production of bikaverin and gibberellins in Gibberella fujikuroi

Giordano

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…There have been relatively few papers describing chemostat studies on the regulation of synthesis of antibiotics or other secondary metabolites. Papers that have been published include the work by Pirt and Callow,' Pirt and Righelato,2 and Righelato3 on penicillin biosynthesis, Bu'lock et al 4 on the synthesis of the secondary metabolites bikaverin and gibberellin, Matteo et aL5 on the synthesis of gramicidin S synthetases and Sikyta et a1.6 on the synthesis of chlortetracycline. By comparison the large number of batch culture or resting cell studies on the regulation of secondary metabolite synthesis are reviewed in articles such as Drew and Demain7 and Martin.8 One reason for this lack of chemostat studies is probably due to the operational problems associated with running viscous mycelial fermentations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin in batch and chemostat cultures

Gray

Bhuwapathanapun

1980

Biotech & Bioengineering

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SummaryThe production of tylosin and related compounds by Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 2702 was studied in batch and chemostat cultures using a soluble synthetic medium. In batch culture, a trophophase-idiophase kinetic pattern was observed with tylosin, macrocin, and relomycin accumulating in the idiophase. When the organism was grown in chemostat culture, the specific rate of production of tylosin and related compounds (qtylosi,,) was found to be a function of the growth rate. The maximum value of (qtylosi,,) was observed when D = 0.017 hr-l. At this growth rate only tylosin and relomycin accumulated in the medium. By varying the concentration of glucose in the ingoing medium it was possible to study the effects of glucose on tylosin synthesis in chemostat cultures. At a growth rate of 0.017 hr-l, the maximum value of 9tyiosin was 0.71 mg tylosidg dry weight (DW)/hr when the glucose uptake rate was 7 mg glucose/g DW/hr. This value of qtylosin was 40% greater than the maximum qtylosln observed in batch culture. When glycerol was substituted for glucose in the medium, it was possible in chemostat culutures to get values of qtYlosin approximately 20% greater than those obtained with glucose at the same uptake rate. By varying the concentration of sodium glutamate in the ingoing medium it was possible to show that increasing the specific uptake rate of sodium glutamate increased the values of qtylosin obtained. Similar chemostat experiments where the inorganic phosphate concentration in the ingoing medium was varied showed that increased uptake of phosphate decreased the values of qtyiosin obtained. Also increasing the uptake rate of phosphate increased the relomycin-to-tylosin ratio. By taking into consideration the suppressing effects of glucose and the stimulating effects of sodium glutamate on tylosin synthesis, it was possible to formulate a medium that resulted in a value of qtylosln of 1.1 rng/g/hr being obtained at a growth rate of 0.03 hr-l. Batch fermentations with this medium did not follow a trophophase-idiophase kinetic pattern, but instead tylosin was actively synthesized during a period of rapid mycelial growth.

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“…Gibberellin production by Gibberella depends upon the nature of the carbon and nitrogen sources and is stimulated by a high carbon to nitrogen ratio (2,11,13). Gibberellin production follows cessation of growth and exhaustion of the nitrogen source in batch cultures (2) and does not occur at low growth rates and low nitrogen concentrations (less than 65 mg L`' in the form of glycine) in a chemostat (6). The onset of gibberellin production was attributed to the growth arrest that follows the depletion of an essential nutrient (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gibberellin production follows cessation of growth and exhaustion of the nitrogen source in batch cultures (2) and does not occur at low growth rates and low nitrogen concentrations (less than 65 mg L`' in the form of glycine) in a chemostat (6). The onset of gibberellin production was attributed to the growth arrest that follows the depletion of an essential nutrient (6). This is usually assumed to be a general trait of secondary metabolites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi

Candau¹,

Ávalos²,

Cerdá‐Olmedo³

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Gibberellin production by Gibberella fujikuroi started only after the nitrogen source was depleted and ceased upon its renewal. Nitrogen repression of gibberellin biosynthesis is not an indirect effect of the growth arrest that follows the depletion of an essential nutrient because gibberellins were not produced upon depletion of phosphate. Mycelia produced gibberellins when suspended in a glucose solution. Production ceased some time after depletion of glucose and resumed upon its readdition. Under certain conditions, the gibberellin production rate was inversely proportional to the glucose concentrations. The specific regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis by the nitrogen source imposes a revision of the concept that gibberellins are secondary metabolites whose production is triggered by imbalance or cessation of growth.

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Regulation of secondary biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi

Cited by 103 publications

References 22 publications

Nitrogen availability and production of bikaverin and gibberellins in Gibberella fujikuroi

Nitrogen availability and production of bikaverin and gibberellins in Gibberella fujikuroi

Production of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin in batch and chemostat cultures

Regulation of Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi

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