Regulation of skeletal myogenesis by microRNAs

Xu, Meng; Chen, Xiaoling; Chen, Shuai; Yu, Bing; Li, Mingzhou; He, Jun; Huang, Zhiqing

doi:10.1002/jcp.28986

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(284 reference statements)

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“…The complex myogenic differentiation process is also co-regulated by in part very specific miRNAs. Specific reviews on this process have recently been published elsewhere, but some important aspects shall be recalled in the context of muscle and bone interaction [128][129][130]. In brief, along the developmental process of embryonic primary and fetal secondary myogenesis, myoblasts become mononucleated myocytes, fuse to build multinucleated myotubes, and establish the classical myofibers just around birth and in the immediate weeks thereafter.…”

Section: Principles Of Muscle Formation Regeneration and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Muscle and Bone—Where Physics Meets Biology

et al. 2020

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Muscle and bone interact via physical forces and secreted osteokines and myokines. Physical forces are generated through gravity, locomotion, exercise, and external devices. Cells sense mechanical strain via adhesion molecules and translate it into biochemical responses, modulating the basic mechanisms of cellular biology such as lineage commitment, tissue formation, and maturation. This may result in the initiation of bone formation, muscle hypertrophy, and the enhanced production of extracellular matrix constituents, adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal elements. Bone and muscle mass, resistance to strain, and the stiffness of matrix, cells, and tissues are enhanced, influencing fracture resistance and muscle power. This propagates a dynamic and continuous reciprocity of physicochemical interaction. Secreted growth and differentiation factors are important effectors of mutual interaction. The acute effects of exercise induce the secretion of exosomes with cargo molecules that are capable of mediating the endocrine effects between muscle, bone, and the organism. Long-term changes induce adaptations of the respective tissue secretome that maintain adequate homeostatic conditions. Lessons from unloading, microgravity, and disuse teach us that gratuitous tissue is removed or reorganized while immobility and inflammation trigger muscle and bone marrow fatty infiltration and propagate degenerative diseases such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Ongoing research will certainly find new therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment.

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Section: Principles Of Muscle Formation Regeneration and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Muscle and Bone—Where Physics Meets Biology

et al. 2020

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“…This means that mechanotransduction may have to lift this inhibitory action of Mrf4 on Mef2. Adding complexity to SC activation during myogenesis is an additional regulatory layer involving MicroRNAs(miRNAs) [168,169]. These are small noncoding RNAs, which negatively regulate gene expression with the majority of human genes containing miRNA target sites.…”

Section: Role Of Satellite and Other Cells In Myofibre Hypertrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Growth of Muscle and Stature: Mechanisms Involved and Their Nutritional Sensitivity to Dietary Protein: The Protein-Stat Revisited

Millward

2021

Nutrients

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Childhood growth and its sensitivity to dietary protein is reviewed within a Protein-Stat model of growth regulation. The coordination of growth of muscle and stature is a combination of genetic programming, and of two-way mechanical interactions involving the mechanotransduction of muscle growth through stretching by bone length growth, the core Protein-Stat feature, and the strengthening of bone through muscle contraction via the mechanostat. Thus, growth in bone length is the initiating event and this is always observed. Endocrine and cellular mechanisms of growth in stature are reviewed in terms of the growth hormone-insulin like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) and thyroid axes and the sex hormones, which together mediate endochondral ossification in the growth plate and bone lengthening. Cellular mechanisms of muscle growth during development are then reviewed identifying (a) the difficulties posed by the need to maintain its ultrastructure during myofibre hypertrophy within the extracellular matrix and the concept of muscle as concentric “bags” allowing growth to be conceived as bag enlargement and filling, (b) the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the mechanotransduction of satellite and mesenchymal stromal cells, to enable both connective tissue remodelling and provision of new myonuclei to aid myofibre hypertrophy and (c) the implications of myofibre hypertrophy for protein turnover within the myonuclear domain. Experimental data from rodent and avian animal models illustrate likely changes in DNA domain size and protein turnover during developmental and stretch-induced muscle growth and between different muscle fibre types. Growth of muscle in male rats during adulthood suggests that “bag enlargement” is achieved mainly through the action of mesenchymal stromal cells. Current understanding of the nutritional regulation of protein deposition in muscle, deriving from experimental studies in animals and human adults, is reviewed, identifying regulation by amino acids, insulin and myofibre volume changes acting to increase both ribosomal capacity and efficiency of muscle protein synthesis via the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the phenomenon of a “bag-full” inhibitory signal has been identified in human skeletal muscle. The final section deals with the nutritional sensitivity of growth of muscle and stature to dietary protein in children. Growth in length/height as a function of dietary protein intake is described in the context of the breastfed child as the normative growth model, and the “Early Protein Hypothesis” linking high protein intakes in infancy to later adiposity. The extensive paediatric studies on serum IGF-1 and child growth are reviewed but their clinical relevance is of limited value for understanding growth regulation; a role in energy metabolism and homeostasis, acting with insulin to mediate adiposity, is probably more important. Information on the influence of dietary protein on muscle mass per se as opposed to lean body mass is limited but suggests that increased protein intake in children is unable to promote muscle growth in excess of that linked to genotypic growth in length/height. One possible exception is milk protein intake, which cohort and cross-cultural studies suggest can increase height and associated muscle growth, although such effects have yet to be demonstrated by randomised controlled trials.

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“…During the first steps of myogenesis or muscle regeneration, miRNAs can affect the expression of MRFs, Pax3/7 transcription factors and other transcripts that control the cell cycle, playing a key role in the maintenance of cell quiescence status or in the activation of satellite cells [4,58]. In satellite cells of adult mice, the ablation of Dicer results in the interruption of quiescence status and impaired ability of injured muscle regeneration [59].…”

Section: Mirnas Role In the Control Of Satellite Cells Quiescence Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of microRNAs in Satellite Cell Renewal, Muscle Function, Sarcopenia and the Role of Exercise

Fochi

Giuriato

Simone

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Sarcopenia refers to a condition of progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function associated with a higher risk of falls and fractures in older adults. Musculoskeletal aging leads to reduced muscle mass and strength, affecting the quality of life in elderly people. In recent years, several studies contributed to improve the knowledge of the pathophysiological alterations that lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are still not fully understood. Muscle development and homeostasis require a fine gene expression modulation by mechanisms in which microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role. miRNAs modulate key steps of skeletal myogenesis including satellite cells renewal, skeletal muscle plasticity, and regeneration. Here, we provide an overview of the general aspects of muscle regeneration and miRNAs role in skeletal mass homeostasis and plasticity with a special interest in their expression in sarcopenia and skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise in the elderly.

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Regulation of skeletal myogenesis by microRNAs

Cited by 44 publications

References 102 publications

Interactions between Muscle and Bone—Where Physics Meets Biology

Interactions between Muscle and Bone—Where Physics Meets Biology

Interactions between Growth of Muscle and Stature: Mechanisms Involved and Their Nutritional Sensitivity to Dietary Protein: The Protein-Stat Revisited

Regulation of microRNAs in Satellite Cell Renewal, Muscle Function, Sarcopenia and the Role of Exercise

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