Regulation of Sulfate Uptake and Expression of Sulfate Transporter Genes in Brassica oleracea as Affected by Atmospheric H2S and Pedospheric Sulfate Nutrition

Abstract

Demand-driven signaling will contribute to regulation of sulfur acquisition and distribution within the plant. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms pedospheric sulfate and atmospheric H 2 S supply were manipulated in Brassica oleracea. Sulfate deprivation of B. oleracea seedlings induced a rapid increase of the sulfate uptake capacity by the roots, accompanied by an increased expression of genes encoding specific sulfate transporters in roots and other plant parts. More prolonged sulfate deprivation resulted in an altered shoot-root partitioning of biomass in favor of the root. B. oleracea was able to utilize atmospheric H 2 S as S-source; however, root proliferation and increased sulfate transporter expression occurred as in S-deficient plants. It was evident that in B. oleracea there was a poor shoot to root signaling for the regulation of sulfate uptake and expression of the sulfate transporters. cDNAs corresponding to 12 different sulfate transporter genes representing the complete gene family were isolated from Brassica napus and B. oleracea species. The sequence analysis classified the Brassica sulfate transporter genes into four different groups. The expression of the different sulfate transporters showed a complex pattern of tissue specificity and regulation by sulfur nutritional status. The sulfate transporter genes of Groups 1, 2, and 4 were induced or up-regulated under sulfate deprivation, although the expression of Group 3 sulfate transporters was not affected by the sulfate status. The significance of sulfate, thiols, and O-acetylserine as possible signal compounds in the regulation of the sulfate uptake and expression of the transporter genes is evaluated.

Defects in a New Class of Sulfate/Anion Transporter Link Sulfur Acclimation Responses to Intracellular Glutathione Levels and Cell Cycle Control

“…We found that smt15-1 overaccumulates glutathione (Fig. 5A), whose elevated levels are known to suppress the SAC response (Herschbach and Rennenberg, 1994;Lappartient et al, 1999;Vauclare et al, 2002;Buchner et al, 2004). It is likely, therefore, that elevated levels of glutathione in smt15-1 strains attenuate the SAC response in -S conditions.…”

“…been reported that glutathione, one of the end products of the sulfur assimilation pathway, is capable of repressing sulfur assimilation and uptake in plants (Herschbach and Rennenberg, 1994;Lappartient et al, 1999;Vauclare et al, 2002;Buchner et al, 2004). Additionally, glutathione has been shown to play a role in cell cycle progression in plants and animals (Thelander and Reichard, 1979;Menon et al, 2003;Menon and Goswami, 2007;Diaz Vivancos et al, 2010b).…”

Exogenous salicylic acid improves photosynthesis and growth through increase in ascorbate-glutathione metabolism and S assimilation in mustard under salt stress

“…35,36 The inhibition in the activity of ATPS1 and APR results in the inhibition of GSH synthesis. 37,38,39 Supplementation of 0.5 mM SA results in the substantial increase in ATP sulfurylase, serine acetyl transferase activity and Cys content under salt stress and helps in reversing the effects of NaCl ¡ induced ROS on photosynthesis. This might be due to SA application which helped to protect photosynthesis through increase in ascorbate-glutathione metabolism and sulfur assimilation enzymes, which would enhance the production of glutathione and increase antioxidant enzymes activity (Fig.…”

Impacts of root sulfate deprivation on growth and elements concentration of globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa L.) under hydroponic condition

“…The aboveground dry matter under sulfate deprivation treatment was decreased significantly by 62.1%, while SO 4 2-deprivation did not reduce root weight (Figure 2). Globe amaranth shoot growth was affected more than root growth upon SO 4 2-deprivation; more prolonged sulfate deprivation generally results in changes of shoot/root biomass ratio in favor of root production , Yang et al 2003, Buchner et al 2004) and root morphology by increasing the total absorptive surface of the root system (Kutz et al 2002, López-Bucio et al 2003. However, the sulfate-deprived plants seemed to have a rapid growth when they were in bloom; their aboveand underground dry weights were much higher than those of sulfate-supplied plants at the end of flowering sampling on October 31.…”

“…Up to the early flowering stage, the growth of the plant aboveground part was affected by SO 4 2− deprivation more than root growth, which resulted in a decrease in the shoot/root ratio (Figure 2). That was in coincidence with the previous studies which reported that the prolonged sulfate deprivation Means with the same letter within a column on the same sampling day are not significantly different by the Duncan's Multiple Range Test at P ≤ 0.05 level (r = 3); plus sulfate (plus S), the treatment of sulfate supply in hydroponic culture; minus sulfate (minus S), the treatment of sulfate deprivation in hydroponic culture would generally result in changes of shoot/root biomass ratio in favor of root production , Yang et al 2003, Buchner et al 2004) and root morphology by increasing the total absorptive surface of the root system (Kutz et al 2002, López-Bucio et al 2003. However, at the end of flowering period, all of the three organs weighted significantly more than the corresponding parts of the sulfate-supplied plant when root sulfate deprivation was prolonged (Figure 2).…”