2020
DOI: 10.3390/cells9020297
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Regulation of Synaptic Development by Astrocyte Signaling Factors and Their Emerging Roles in Substance Abuse

Abstract: Astrocytes have critical functions throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and have emerged as regulators of synaptic development and function. With their highly complex morphologies, they are able to interact with thousands of synapses via peripheral astrocytic processes (PAPs), ensheathing neuronal axons and dendrites to form the tripartite synapse. In this way, astrocytes engage in crosstalk with neurons to mediate a variety of CNS processes including the regulation of extracellular matrix protein signa… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(12 citation statements)
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References 80 publications
(118 reference statements)
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“…Furthermore, these drugs disrupt complex interactions in the brain linked to astrocytes that engage in crosstalk with neurons. These subsequently lead to a variety of CNS dysfunctions, including effects on neurogenesis and synaptic diversity [8]. Astrocytes play an essential role in energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and the inflammatory process [9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Furthermore, these drugs disrupt complex interactions in the brain linked to astrocytes that engage in crosstalk with neurons. These subsequently lead to a variety of CNS dysfunctions, including effects on neurogenesis and synaptic diversity [8]. Astrocytes play an essential role in energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and the inflammatory process [9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Astrocytes play an essential role in energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and the inflammatory process [9]. Epigenetic modifications in the transcriptional machinery of astrocytes may drive astrocyte reactivity, thereby contributing to neuronal injury due to psychostimulant and opioid abuse [8]. Therefore, astrocytes are being recognized as promising targets for neuroprotective drugs [10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The most frequent type of glial cells are oligodendrocytes (45–75%), followed by astrocytes (19–40%) and microglia (around 10%) [ 63 ]. In recent years, a significant amount of data was collected indicating that glial cells are not passive elements of the white matter but are actively involved in synaptic development and plasticity and in the regulation of neuronal activity through tripartite synapses [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Glial cells could significantly impact the information flow in the cortical circuitry by influencing WMIN (see WMIN function below).…”
Section: Total Neuronal Number Density and Spatial Distribution mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Neuro inflammation-induced A1 astrocytes to secrete neurotoxins that in turn induced rapid death in neurons and oligodendrocytes. The C3, CFB, and MX1S are the genes expressed in type A1 and considered as markers in this type of astrocyte [ [14] , [16] ]. The A1 astrocytes lose many of their normal functions, such as contributing to neuronal viability and growth, inducing fewer and weaker synapses than common astrocytes, and progressive killing of adult neurons.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%