Regulation of temozolomide resistance via lncRNAs: Clinical and biological properties of lncRNAs in gliomas (Review)

Abstract

Gliomas are a primary types of intracranial malignancies and are characterized by a poor prognosis due to aggressive recurrence profiles. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an auxiliary alkylating agent that is extensively used in conjunction with surgical resection and forms the mainstay of clinical treatment strategies for gliomas. However, the frequent occurrence of TMZ resistance in clinical practice limits its therapeutic efficacy. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can play key and varied roles in glioma progression. lncRNAs have been reported to inhibit glioma progression by targeting various signaling pathways. In addition, the differential expression of lncRNAs has also been found to mediate the resistance of glioma to several chemotherapeutic agents, particularly to TMZ. The present review article therefore summarizes the findings of previous studies in an aim to report the significance and function of lncRNAs in regulating the chemoresistance of gliomas. The present review may provide further insight into the clinical treatment of gliomas. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Prominent role of lncRNAs in glioma 3. Oncogenic lncRNAs promote TMZ resistance in gliomas 4. Tumor suppressive lncRNAs influence the sensitivity of gliomas to TMZ 5. Conclusions and future perspectives

Nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery and drug resistance in glioma: New perspectives

“…78 On the other hand, DNA glycosylase and related base excision repair systems play an important role in glioma resistance to TMZ. 79,80 Cellular F I G U R E 3 The summary of GBM treatment limitations and different possibilities for temozolomide (TMZ) encapsulation. The current limitations of TMZ for the treatment of GBM need to be overcome in order to improve its efficacy.…”

“…However, the presence of O6 methylguanine in cells with insufficient MGMT activity results in a mismatch between guanine and thymine during DNA replication, which is recognized and repaired by the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system, but not directly on the substrate, O6 methylguanine, resulting in persistent MMR and ultimately leads to TMZ resistance 78 . On the other hand, DNA glycosylase and related base excision repair systems play an important role in glioma resistance to TMZ 79,80 . Cellular autophagy, the process by which the organism recycles damaged organelles and misfolded proteins through lysosomal degradation, provides stable nutrients and energy for DNA damage repair in gliomas, allows GCs to acquire invasiveness through the epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathway and to develop resistance to hypoxia and GSCs are neural stem cells derived from the subventricular zone of the brain that have unique self‐renewal and multidirectional differentiation capabilities and are drivers of GC invasion, recurrence, and drug resistance, The TME is the surrounding microenvironment in which tumor cells live and is composed of immune cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and various types of signaling molecules.…”

VIM‑AS1 promotes proliferation and drives enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer via IGF2BP2‑mediated HMGCS1 mRNA stabilization

“…Numerous studies have confirmed that non-coding RNAs serve important roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of several types of cancer (6,7). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, which are pervasively transcribed from the human genome and are >200 nucleotides in length (8).…”

“…Previously, lncRNAs were considered to be the byproducts of RNA splicing errors with no or limited physiological and pathological functions (9). With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, an increasing number of lncRNAs have been found and identified as key regulators of biological and/or pathological behaviors during the occurrence and progression of numerous diseases, including prostate cancer, glioma, gastric cancer and cholangiocarcinoma (7,(9)(10)(11). For example, it has been reported that lncRNA 01614 promoted pancreatic cancer progression by suppressing GSK-3β (12).…”

Clinical implications of lncRNA LINC-PINT in cancer

“…Hence, optimizing treatment outcomes for any disease is only possible with full knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. In this regard, recent studies involving lncRNAs have substantially contributed to understanding the cancer (Li et al, 2022b;Singh et al, 2022;Zhong et al, 2022). However, exploiting the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets is just the beginning (Mirzaei et al, 2022).…”